Modafinil (Provigil, Modvigil, Alertec, Modalert) is a central nervous system stimulant taken to treat sleep disorders and excessive daytime sleepiness (narcolepsy). It is sometimes prescribed as an adjuvant drug to reduce symptoms of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and depression.
Important
In the Russian Federation, modafinil is included in the list of narcotic and psychotropic substances and is prohibited for sale. Further information is for informational purposes only and is taken from publicly available sources. Links are provided to all sources. The editors of the site do not encourage the use of or advertise illegal drugs.
How does it work
1. Modafinil increases orexin . Orexin controls the sleep-wake cycle. The main cause of narcolepsy is a lack of orexin, which is corrected by modafinil by affecting orexin neurons. Activation of these neurons also increases the production of histamine and other important neurotransmitters that are associated with wakefulness and alertness. Long-term use of modafinil depletes and reduces endogenous orexin production. [, ]
2. Modafinil increases dopamine . Dopamine is associated with learning, attention, memory and emotions. It is responsible for reward, mood and motivation. Modafinil blocks the receptors that remove dopamine from synapses, increasing the levels available for immediate use in the brain. [, ]
3.Modafinil increases serotonin levels . It prevents the reuptake of serotonin (stores it for later use). This keeps your brain functioning at optimal levels and in a good mood. A lack of serotonin leads to bad mood, depression, insomnia and lack of self-confidence. []
4. Modafinil stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) . BDNF helps maintain, repair, and reactivate memory systems in the brain. BDNF has a positive effect on long-term potentiation. Potentiation is the health and quality of synapses over time, which increases the resilience of cognition and memory to the effects of time and trauma. []
5. Modafinil increases glutamate levels and inhibits GABA . Glutamate is the main neurotransmitter in the brain that is responsible for arousal. In this case, not only physical, but also mental arousal occurs. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, and in this case its activity is suppressed, which only enhances the stimulating effect. [, ]
6. Modafinil increases norepinephrine . Norepinephrine gives a sharp surge of energy. This happens due to the narrowing of blood vessels and redirection of blood circulation to vital organs (brain, heart, lungs, etc.). This also speeds up thinking. [, ]
7. Modafinil increases histamine levels . Histamine regulates sleep, appetite, memory, sexual behavior and much more. It improves focus, energy, motivation, cognitive abilities, and prepares the body for stress. []
Important Note
Regular use of modafinil depletes and disrupts the endogenous production of all the neurotransmitters described above (orexin, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, norepinephrine and histamine). This leads to very serious physical and neuropsychiatric changes (cognitive decline, addiction, depression, headaches, liver dysfunction and much more).
People's opinions about a drug banned in Russia
The medication "Modafinil" has minor reviews. This is due to the fact that the drug is prohibited in Russia and Ukraine. Many people have not encountered this remedy, since doctors do not prescribe it. However, there are still isolated responses from those people who were treated with this medicine. Those men and women who have used this drug write on forums that thanks to the pills the thought process becomes accelerated, the mood improves, the person becomes focused and balanced. This drug helps a person stay alert throughout the day. People also note that there are minimal side effects from it, and it is not addictive. Also, after it there are no hallucinations or euphoria.
People who lived in the USA for some time and then returned to their homeland - Russia, note that in America the drug "Modafinil" and its analogues are sold in any pharmacy. This medicine is taken both by students during sessions and by people who want to improve their performance. Even police officers use it during long work shifts to improve their concentration. And in Canada, this drug is even in the first aid kit of astronauts in order to optimize performance during fatigue. Elderly people also cannot do without this product.
Side effects
The most common side effects are: insomnia, headaches and loss of appetite. [, , , , , ]
Insomnia . It is a direct result of increased concentrations of orexin, histamine and norepinephrine in the brain.
Headache . It is a consequence of an increase in glutamate. Its concentrations increase as a byproduct of stimulation of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and orexin. Another cause of headaches when taking modafinil is dehydration.
Loss of appetite . The stimulating effect on the central nervous system dulls the feeling of hunger. Long-term, low appetite can lead to health problems.
Diarrhea . Diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances occur due to the slow breakdown of modafinil in the intestinal tract, causing irritation of the intestinal tissue.
Anxiety . Anxiety is often associated with low alpha wave activity and high beta wave activity, as measured by an electroencephalogram (EEG).
Dry mouth . This is the result of overstimulation of the central nervous system and activation of muscarinic receptors. They stop all digestive secretions. The body does this during times of stress to increase strength and response in dangerous situations. Saliva is considered a digestive secretion, and once it stops flowing, excessive dry mouth occurs.
Serious and rare adverse reactions:
- Fever . Occurs due to excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The hypothalamus practically loses control over homeostasis. This will eventually lead to much more serious consequences such as changes in blood pH, enzyme breakdown and ultimately seizures.
- Hallucinations . Indicates deep neurological dysfunction.
- Depression . Occurs due to a strong decrease in dopamine levels.
Indications for use
The drug "Modafinil", reviews of which are useful to study before taking it, can be used in the following cases:
- Narcolepsy (a disease of the nervous system characterized by REM sleep disorders and excessive sleepiness).
- Chronic fatigue.
— Pathological drowsiness (hypersomnia).
- Myotonic dystrophy.
— Seasonal affective disorder syndrome.
This medication can also be prescribed to people in order to prolong their psychophysical activity, increase psychomotor reactions and relieve depression during depression.
Modafinil overdose
An overdose of modafinil increases blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), which increases the risk of stroke or heart attack. Most cases of overdose include severe headache lasting 2 or 3 days, severe insomnia, and depression.
Important
Mixing modafinil with alcohol or opioids is very dangerous and can be fatal.
What to do in case of overdose . Excessively high blood pressure or heart rate can be dangerous, especially if you have a history of heart disease or if you have a close relative with heart disease. Therefore, it is necessary to call an ambulance or go to the hospital. []
Doctors' opinion
Anton Koferev, a rheumatologist, expressed his opinion about the drug:
“People come in with joint problems. I carefully select the treatment program so as not to cause side effects from taking medications. Therefore, I recommend the gel as a safe remedy for restoring health.”
V. Zolotarev, traumatologist:
“I prescribe Diklen to patients with advanced diseases. It penetrates into internal tissues, regenerates bones and cartilage. Some people take painkillers. I am against pills. I think it is better to use natural products. Patients who use this miracle drug get rid of excruciating pain and return to their normal lives.”
Ilya Anikin, osteopath:
“Diklen prevents and stops the development of joint diseases at any stage. Millions of patients have received a real opportunity for non-surgical treatment at minimal cost. Surgeries to restore the musculoskeletal system are expensive and are available to few. The natural composition of the medicine, which is cheaper than pharmaceutical ones, regenerates damaged cartilage tissue and improves the skin.”
Modafinil withdrawal symptoms
People who take modafinil on a regular basis sooner or later think about stopping its use. There can be many reasons for this - from a banal lack of money, to the development of strong tolerance to the drug and the inappropriateness of its further use. This is where stimulant withdrawal symptoms come into play:
- Problems with concentration and fatigue.
- Depression.
- Dyspnea.
- Cognitive decline.
- Headache.
- Liver dysfunction.
- Hypertension.
- Fatigue.
- Nausea.
- Nervousness, etc.
Dosage
In Russia, Modafinil is included in the list of narcotic and psychotropic substances, and where it is permitted, it is sold by prescription for the treatment of certain diseases. As a result, there is no official dosage recommendation if it is used off-label as a nootropic. User reviews report optimal results with a dosage of 50 to 200 mg per day.
When treating narcolepsy or apnea, modafinil is most often prescribed in a single daily dose of 200 mg. Should be taken immediately after waking up. For shift work, the recommended dose is 200 mg and taken one hour before the start of the shift. For adults with ADHD, the daily dose is 200 to 400 mg.
Doses up to 400 mg/day are well tolerated. Although there is no evidence that doses greater than 200 mg/day provide additional benefit.
Dosage for treating other conditions, including mood disorders, addiction, fatigue, and cognitive impairment caused by multiple sclerosis, varies depending on each patient.
Modafinil is safe for long periods at moderate (100–200 mg) daily dosages. Large-scale clinical trials have shown no significant signs of tolerance development over several months. However, reviews indicate that tolerance develops within a few days, and users recommend intermittent or cyclic use.
Modafinil has both fast-acting and long-lasting effects. It is metabolized in the liver and peak plasma concentrations occur within 2 to 4 hours. However, the initial effects may be felt within the first hour. It has a long half-life of 15 hours. It may disrupt normal sleep patterns if modafinil is taken late in the day.
Interesting Facts
Modafinil and its analogues are currently actively used in bodybuilding.
Among fans of weightlifting, there is an opinion that the drug not only increases IQ, but also miraculously increases the efficiency of training in the gym. In fact, it allows you to provide the utmost level of concentration, allowing you to focus as much as possible on the training process.
The active component of the drug is part of various pre-workout complexes designed to improve performance and “pumping”.
Modalert and Provegil are also often used by American and European students, since with their help you can prepare for a test in a matter of days, and assimilate information much more effectively.
Results of using Diklen, true or false?
In 2020, clinical testing of the drug on volunteers was conducted in Moscow. Reviews for Diklen ointment are positive. And the results of the study were surprising:
- 90% of patients had joint recovery after one course;
- 97% felt pain disappeared after the first application to problem areas;
- 67% returned to work duties after the first week of therapy;
- 85% recognized an improvement in their well-being after completing the course;
- patients with advanced arthritis felt relief after two courses of treatment.
Where to buy original Diklen?
To avoid encounters with scammers, please visit our official website, where products supported by certificates are presented. Advantages of purchasing from us:
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- price for Diklen ointment, reviews are real and will not be deleted;
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- products are sent to the buyer by cash on delivery or courier;
- no prepayment required;
- free consultation with a manager;
- fill out an application online or through the call back form.
The order is placed by entering your name and phone number in the fields. After processing the order, the manager will call you to clarify the details. The drug will be promptly delivered to the specified address.
