What to choose: Adaptol or Mebicar?

Instructions for use Adaptol and dosage

Take orally, regardless of food intake. The standard dosage is 500 mg 2-3 times a day.

• The largest single dosage is 3 g, daily dosage is 10 g.
• The duration of treatment ranges from several days to 2–3 months.

In complex therapy as a means of reducing the desire to smoke tobacco - 500–1000 mg 3 times a day for 5–6 weeks.

In pediatric practice, Adaptol is prescribed to children over 18 years of age (according to the instructions); anything else is prescribed only at the discretion of the doctor! There is evidence of the use of this drug in the treatment of bladder overactivity in children over 7 years of age.

The duration of treatment for a child and the dosage of the drug are determined individually by the doctor. In most cases, 300-500 mg is prescribed, on average 250 mg 1-3 times a day.

The simultaneous use of Adaptol with neuroleptics, tranquilizers (benzodiazepines), hypnotics, antidepressants and psychostimulants is possible.

Side effects

According to doctors, in most cases the course of treatment is well tolerated, due to the fact that the active substance is close to natural metabolites in its chemical structure.

In some cases, the following side effects are possible:

• allergic reactions;
• skin itching;
• lowering blood pressure;
• dyspepsia (disturbances in the functioning of the stomach, disruptions in the functioning of the digestive system);
• decrease in body temperature (at high doses);
• bronchospasm;
• dizziness;
• weakness.

In cases of hypotension and/or decreased body temperature (body temperature may drop by 1-1.5 °C), discontinuation of the drug is not required. Blood pressure and body temperature normalize on their own within a few days.

Use during pregnancy

Has good penetration into all tissues of the body. There have been no clinical studies on the use of Adaptol in pregnant and lactating mothers. Not recommended for use during pregnancy and lactation.

Contraindications

The only contraindication to the use of Adaptol is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

In addition, this includes pregnancy and children under 18 years of age.

Overdose

Does not have toxic properties in case of overdose. Manifestations of severe poisoning were not recorded.

When taking very large doses, the stomach is washed and detoxifying agents are prescribed.

Mebicar or Adaptol: which is better and what is the difference?

articles

• 1 Application
• 2 Adaptol
• 3 Consequences
• 4 Mebicar
• 5 Which is better

Most people in the modern world are susceptible to various diseases that were not so popular just a few decades ago.

Due to the urbanization of the urban environment and changes in the atmosphere, the human body is exposed to colossal exposure to harmful substances. Even the healthiest immune system will fail in the flow of such an environment.

How do you know which medications are most effective in maintaining a healthy state?

A very important factor is the individual tolerance of a particular drug. The drugs that will be discussed below have a wide range of areas: pharmacology, medicine, psychotherapy, narcology, etc.

The names of these drugs are as follows: Adaptol and Mebicar. What's better?

Both drugs are available in tablet form and belong to the psychotropic group of antidepressants and tranquilizers. Dispensed with a doctor's prescription.

They are not a panacea, relieve mild manifestations and symptoms, and, as a rule, are often prescribed in complex treatment, with a duration of therapy from three weeks to six months.

Application

Both drugs provide relief from:

• nervous disorders,
• panic attacks,
• stomach upsets,
• emotional overload,
• internal imbalance
• uncontrollable irritability,
• hormonal imbalances,
• disruptions of the menstrual cycle,
• stress disorders,
• heart diseases,
• with symptoms of VSD.

VSD is a disorder of parts of the nervous and autonomic system. This disease can manifest itself between the ages of 15 and 90 years inclusive.

VSD can occur when:

• severe emotional shock,
• stress,
• childbirth,
• injuries,
• infectious diseases,
• tobacco abuse, etc.

People who are sensitive to weather especially suffer from this disease. There is no ideal and specific medicine to relieve the symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, but drugs such as Adaptol and Mebicar can significantly reduce the frequency of symptoms and reduce impossible headaches.

Adaptol

The main substance in Adaptol is mebicar (which has the same name as the drug Mebicar). Its structure is similar to that of metabolites. In essence, we are talking about vital molecules produced in all cells of the body (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids).

The drug is able to act on the hypothalamus, thus eliminating the feeling of anxiety, unreasonable fear, and panic attack.

Adaptol eliminates nicotine withdrawal. This term refers to the consequences of quitting smoking, which entails an endless desire to smoke, irritation and “withdrawal.”

As a rule, such a process becomes protracted, difficult, and secondary for the smoker and his body.

When a person abruptly abandons his habit, that is, the system to which the body is accustomed, this causes a number of disturbances in internal processes.

The supply of these harmful substances disappears, and the dependent person’s body feels discomfort. The nervous system is the first to make itself felt. The same manifestation occurs with alcohol addiction.

In this case, Adaptol slows down and calms the functioning of the nervous system. We can say that the effect of the drug has a sedative and hypnotic effect on the body. Adaptol can also be taken by children with restrictions over the age of 10 years.

Adaptol is taken orally, regardless of food intake, 500 mg 3 times a day. Dosage may vary depending on the case of the disease and its stage.

It does not reduce mental and motor activity, so Adaptol can be used during the working day or school. It does not affect the emotional background, only the general condition.

It does not have a hypnotic effect, but enhances the effect of sleeping pills and improves natural sleep processes.

Adaptol improves cognitive functions, attention and mental performance. The medicine is dispensed to people who have digestive system disorders associated with an emotional background.

Consequences

Adaptol has low toxicity and is usually well tolerated. Allergic manifestations and digestive disorders are possible after consuming large doses. In this case, you should stop taking the drug.

In case of intoxication, perform a gastric lavage procedure. There may be a decrease in blood pressure and body temperature, which normalize on their own and do not require stopping the drug.

The medicine may cause a bitter taste in the mouth and dizziness in the first week of taking it.

Adaptol has not been tested on pregnant women, so in this situation it is better to consult a doctor rather than self-medicate.

Adaptol is a rather weak drug; it is unlikely to help with severe psychoneurological disorders. In such cases, a more serious, comprehensive examination under the supervision of specialists is necessary.

It is not recommended to mix the use of the drug with alcohol, as its effect greatly increases the state of alcohol intoxication.

The drug helps improve brain function. It is prescribed for excitability, nervous and stress disorders.

The success of the drug’s effectiveness solely depends on the symptoms and stage of the vegetative-vascular or other disease. It is quite expected that at a severe stage of the development of the disease, the patient will need a stronger group of medications.

Mebicar

Mebicar does not impair coordination of movements, which means that a person can easily play sports or drive a car.

The drug is usually well tolerated by patients; in isolated cases, the development of allergic reactions in the form of skin itching and skin rash has been noted. It is extremely rare to develop digestive disorders during therapy with Mebicar. Pressure changes may occur.

Mebicar contains elements of serotonin, a brain chemical that prevents depression and improves mood. This hormone controls nerve cells, the functioning of the cerebral cortex and the condition of the body as a whole.

Mebikar's great merit is the absence of drowsiness. He also:

• helps improve oxygen supply to tissues,
• regulates blood potassium levels,
• helps protein synthesis,
• does not interfere with coordination of movements.

Mebicar regulates disturbed, natural sleep, causing rapid falling asleep, is not a sleeping pill, but can enhance the effect of sleeping pills, like alcohol. The drug also reduces blood viscosity and normalizes mild speech pathologies.

The use of the drug is contraindicated for pregnant women who are breastfeeding.

What's better

Both drugs are analogues of each other and can be interchangeable in treatment. However, there are certain differences. For example, the amount of active ingredient in one Adaptol tablet is higher than in Mebicare (0.5 g and 0.3 g, respectively). Therefore, when replacing one drug with another, you should consult with your doctor so as not to disrupt the treatment regimen.

The cost of these medications also differs significantly. You can buy Mebicar at a pharmacy for about 2.5 times cheaper, which is quite relevant at present. But at the same time, it is worth understanding that due to the lower dosage of the active substance, more tablets may be needed for the course of treatment. As a result, the price of treatment as a whole may become approximately the same.

In addition, you need to remember that the pharmacological effect of the drug is revealed in the body purely individually.

It is impossible to openly claim that any of these drugs is better than the other. Both drugs can replace each other. However, you should not do this yourself; it is better to discuss treatment with a specialist.

Source: https://apatii.net/farmakologiya/chto-luchshe-adaptol-ili-mebikar

Side effects

The most common side effects of adaptol include a decrease in blood pressure and a decrease in body temperature by a degree and a half. These side effects are associated with the effect of the drug on the centers of the autonomic nervous system. Arterial hypotension and hypothermia do not require specific treatment or drug withdrawal. When taking adaptol in constant dosages, these side effects go away on their own.

Drowsiness, fatigue and decreased libido occur much less frequently when using adaptol compared to other psychotropic substances. However, some patients taking the drugs note the presence of these symptoms.

Some patients may develop an allergic reaction. Most often it is limited to symptoms such as rash and itching. Less commonly, a more serious complication occurs - bronchospasm, leading to suffocation. If any hypersensitivity develops, the drug should be discontinued. It cannot be re-prescribed, since allergies are a direct contraindication.

Disturbances from the digestive system are extremely rare. They are not specific. Patients may complain of heartburn, belching, nausea, and vomiting. When the dosage is reduced, these symptoms disappear.

The advantage of adaptol over other psychotropic substances is the absence of withdrawal syndrome or dependence. Even long-term use of the drug does not threaten the development of pathological conditions after stopping its use. It is necessary to consider in more detail the possibility of using adaptol with alcohol.

Characteristics of Phenibut

The drug belongs to nootropics that improve the functioning of the central nervous system. The drug is prescribed for various symptoms.

• Memory loss.
• Insomnia.
• Stressful situations.
• Nervous exhaustion.
• Asthenic syndrome.
• Speech and movement disorders.
• To prevent motion sickness in transport.
• Strengthens the effects of sleeping pills, narcotics and neuroleptics.

The effect of the drug is useful for depression and conditions associated with excessive brain overstrain. The medicine is used in the treatment of nervous tics, stuttering, enuresis and other diseases that cause disruption of the transmission of nerve impulses to various organs.

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Elderly people do not feel the relaxing effect of the drug. The medicine relieves lethargy and stimulates active activity.

If a child has problems with academic performance, attacks of unmotivated anxiety, or urinary disorders, taking phenibut will help cope with the problems.

It is contraindicated to prescribe the medicine for peptic ulcer disease and liver failure.

Analogs

Russian analogues of Adaptol are less expensive than the original, but it is important to remember that replacing one drug with another can only be done with the permission of the attending physician. To understand what is better – the original or cheaper substitutes, it is recommended that you read the brief information about the drugs:

To understand what is better – the original or cheaper substitutes, it is recommended that you read the brief information about the drugs:

1. Phenibut. Phenibut is a nootropic drug with a pronounced antipsychotic effect.

Has a wide range of applications:

• anxious, neurasthenic states;
• neurosis;
• unreasonable feeling of fear;
• psychopathic disorders;
• enuresis;
• myelodysplasia;
• depression;
• relief of withdrawal symptoms in patients during treatment for alcoholism;
• psycho-emotional and mental stress;
• insomnia, frequent awakenings at night, nightmares.

It can also be prescribed to patients before surgical interventions and other medical procedures that cause the patient a feeling of anxiety and fear.

The average cost for 10 tablets is 65 rubles.

Like the original, it is impossible to buy Phenibut tablets without prescriptions in Moscow and other Russian cities.

Neurologists consider both drugs to be of very high quality and powerful. The main differences between the original and the analogue are in the composition, cost and the prohibition of taking Phenibut for patients with severe damage to the liver, kidneys, or stomach ulcers.

1. Afobazol. Another Russian analogue, which has similar indications for use, but is cheaper in cost (60 tablets can be purchased for about 360 rubles).

Effective for:

• generalized anxiety disorders;
• neurasthenia;
• adaptation disorders;
• sleep disorders (up to chronic insomnia);
• unreasonable fears, anxiety;
• neurocirculatory dystonia;
• premenstrual tension syndrome;
• abstinence during treatment for alcohol dependence.

Can be prescribed in complex therapy for patients with somatic, dermatological, and oncological diseases. Effective in facilitating the period of quitting smoking.

When choosing between the drugs Adaptol or Afobazole for the treatment of severe psychological problems, experts give preference to the first. Afobazole is a more gentle anxiolytic.

Adaptol tablets are a true help for those whose health has been affected by mental pathologies. Shows high positive results and is trusted by doctors.

Not suitable as a means for self-medication, requires therapy under the supervision of a specialist.

Other foreign analogues

Due to their foreign production, imported medicines seem much better than local ones, but by and large their high price is not always justified. And on the local market there are drugs of equal quality.

Don't forget! The best drug for each specific case should be selected in consultation with a specialist.

List of medicines from abroad:

• Etifoxine . Manufacturer – France. A tranquilizer prescribed by doctors for anxiety, stress, and an unconscious feeling of fear. Or even in a bad mood. A synonym for this drug is Stresam. The average price is 316-505 rudders.
• Neurovitan , produced in Jordan. A vitamin complex aimed at strengthening the nervous system and the body’s correct reactions to stressful situations. Price 450-790 rubles. The medicine contains B vitamins.
• Noofen . Made in Latvia. Prescribed for the treatment of children from the age of three with stuttering or tics. Suitable for adult patients with neuroses. It differs from similar drugs in being easily digestible and tolerable. There are no side effects. Costs about 850 rubles.
• Persen . Made in Poland. The composition includes components of plant origin. They have a mild sedative effect. There are variations of the drug to improve sleep, to establish a general emotional state and to improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
• Glycine . The manufacturer is registered in Germany. It is inexpensive, about 140 rubles. Available in powder form for oral administration.

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Human health includes several components. Psycho-emotional state is no less important than physical health. To keep your emotions under control, you should not refuse to take medications to relieve stress, fears and nervousness.

Moreover, replacing an expensive, popular drug with a cheap one gives no worse effect. If you are happy, then the people around you will be happy!

Analogs

Instead of Adaptol, you can use the following medications:

1. Alzolam is an Indian drug that is a substitute for Adaptol in the clinical and pharmacological group. The drug comes in tablets that are prescribed for the treatment of neurosis-like, neurotic and panic disorders in adults. A tranquilizer can cause birth defects in a child if a woman took Alzolam during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester.
2. Atarax is a substitute for Adaptol in the therapeutic group. It is sold in injections and tablets. They are prescribed to eliminate anxiety, psychomotor agitation, withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism in adults, and also as a sedative for premedication and skin itching in children over 1 year of age. The medicine should not be used during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
3. Elzepam is available in injections and tablets, which contain phenazepam as an active substance. Prescribe it only to adult patients, except pregnant and lactating women.
4. Mebicar is a substitute for Adaptol in the therapeutic group. This is an axinolytic that has an anticonvulsant effect, it does not cause drowsiness and at the same time normalizes the quality of night sleep. The drug is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to its composition.

Analogs

• Mebix (Olifen, Moscow);
• Mebikar (“Tathimfarmpreparaty”, Kazan);
• Mebikar (Interchem, Odessa);
• Tranquilar (Interchem, Odessa).

Medicines of similar action with other active ingredients:

• Fenzitate. Pronounced sedative and hypnotic effect. Relieves muscle tension, phobias;
• Phenazepam. Anxiolytic with sedative and anticonvulsant effects. Helps with sleep disorders, psychosis and other nervous diseases;
• Anvifen. A drug with tranquilizing, nootropic, antiplatelet and antioxidant effects. Prescribed for dizziness, stuttering, and insomnia. Allowed for children over 3 years old;
• Phenibut. Improves blood supply to the brain, relieves headaches, improves memory and mental activity;
• Aralia tincture. The herbal product stimulates the central nervous system. Helps with decreased tone, appetite, and sleep disorders.

We answer the question: Is Adaptol available with a prescription or not? Like other antidepressants, Adaptol is available with a prescription, but there are also over-the-counter analogues

:

• Mebicar IC,
• Afobazol,
• Selank,
• Tranquilar IC.

Those who often take antidepressants have a question: Mebicar or Adaptol - which is better. Both drugs are based on the same substance and can replace each other in therapy.

The tablets differ in weight, so when changing the drug, you should consult your doctor about the dosage. There is also a difference in cost: Mebicar is much cheaper, but has a lower dosage, so in terms of weight the difference is not so great.

When choosing, first of all compare the weight of the tablets (Mebicar or Adaptol) and the prescribed dosage.

Adaptol is not a sedative, but a tranquilizer. You should not forget about this if you are self-medicating and prescribing analogues for yourself or children.

What is better: Phenibut or its analogues: compare effectiveness, safety, cost

Phenibut is a nootropic drug that has anxiolytic activity. Included in the group of psychostimulants. This drug is prescribed for various neuralgic and neurotic disorders.

Indications for use of the drug are based on the ability of the drug to activate metabolic and bioenergetic processes in the brain. As a result, the transmission of nerve impulses to the central nervous system from the brain is stabilized and its blood circulation is normalized.

Scope of application

The drug is used in the following cases:

• for sleep disorders, frequent nightmares, insomnia;
• during urinary retention, which is caused by myelodysplasia;
• during Meniere's disease;
• prevention of anxiety states that arise before painful diagnostic examinations and surgical interventions;
• for anxious neurotic and asthenic conditions - fear, anxiety, psychopathy, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, enuresis, for stuttering and tics in children;
• used in combination with detoxification agents during delirious and predelirious states in alcoholism;
• for dizziness caused by dysfunction of the vestibular analyzer;
• during the relief of psychopathological and somatovegetative disorders that are caused by withdrawal symptoms;
• with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Advantages and disadvantages of the product

The advantages of the drug include the following features:

• while taking the drug, blood circulation in the brain increases, which helps improve its performance;
• the product improves memory, attention, normalizes mental performance;
• increases the speed and accuracy of sensory and motor reactions;
• reduces the level of cerebral vascular tone, which reduces the risk of stroke;
• when taken, the drug has a high anticonvulsant effect;
• relieves feelings of fear and severe tension;
• eliminates sleep disorders and relieves insomnia;
• has an antioxidant effect;
• prevents various manifestations of asthenia;
• improves microcirculation in eye tissues.

However, despite the advantages, Phenibut has disadvantages, which provokes many people to look for its analogues, which do not have them. Among the disadvantages, it should be especially noted:

• the presence of contraindications - it is not recommended to take this drug if you have the following conditions - hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, with liver failure;
• should not be taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• not recommended for children under 8 years of age;
• after taking there are sometimes side effects - a feeling of anxiety, agitation, headaches, increased irritability, dizziness, a feeling of drowsiness, nausea may appear at the first dose, and sometimes allergies may appear in the form of itching and irritation;
• if long-term use of the drug is required, then it is necessary to monitor the picture of peripheral blood conditions and the condition of the liver.

Before you start taking the drug, you need to study the instructions in detail, since Phenibut has numerous contraindications and a large number of side effects, and also analyze analogues of the drug available on the market.

TOP 11 analogues of Phenibut

Popular analogues of the drug:

1. Selank . This drug is in the form of drops. This remedy has an anti-anxiety, anxiolytic effect on the body. It is used to improve brain function, increase activity, performance, improve memory, and eliminate sleep disorders.
2. Tranquesipam . This is a drug that has anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant and central muscle relaxant effects. Available in the form of tablets and solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration. It is used for neurotic, neurosis-like, psychopathic, psycho-like conditions. Helps relieve fatigue, emotional stress, fear, headaches, helps with sleep disorders, frequent nightmares.
3. Elzepam . This drug has a sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic and muscle relaxant effect. Helps eliminate various neurotic conditions, autonomic disorders, sleep problems, relieves fatigue, tension and irritability.
4. Strezam . The drug belongs to a group of drugs that have sedative and anxiolytic effects. It is prescribed to eliminate feelings of anxiety, fear, apathy, to eliminate autonomic disorders, internal tension and increased irritability.
5. Phenazepam is a psychotropic drug that suppresses feelings of anxiety, fear, anxiety, and also relieves emotional stress. Belongs to the group of anxiolytics.
6. Afobazole is an anxiolytic. This remedy is intended to eliminate various mental disorders, to eliminate feelings of fear, anxiety, and strong emotional stress. It is often prescribed to relieve autonomic disorders, namely headaches, dizziness, frequent muscle twitching, increased sweating, to eliminate sleep disorders and insomnia.
7. Anvifen . This remedy has nootropic, antiplatelet, antioxidant, tranquilizing and anticonvulsant effects. Prescribed for the treatment of anxiety-neurotic and asthenic disorders, enuresis, stuttering, nervous tics in childhood. In addition, it helps eliminate anxiety, sleep problems and insomnia, and dizziness that arise due to dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus.
8. Noofen . This drug has a psychostimulating, tranquilizing, nootropic effect. It is prescribed during asthenia to improve performance without side effects, namely increased excitability or irritability. In addition, it is prescribed to patients who have vasovegetative symptoms - headaches, rapid mood swings, sleep problems, insomnia, dizziness.
9. Tenoten . This is a homeopathic type drug. It has an antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and anti-asthenic effect on the body. This remedy strengthens the central nervous system, improves memory, and increases concentration. In addition, the medicine is prescribed for severe irritability, neurotic conditions, psychosomatic disorders, as well as for feelings of causeless anxiety.
10. Adaptol . This is a medicine that belongs to the group of drugs with anxiolytic effects. Helps relieve feelings of fear, anxiety, increased excitability, eliminates neuroses, irritation, and emotional stress. Improves brain performance, increases mental abilities and memory. In addition, it is used to treat sleep disorders and insomnia.
11. Mebicar . This remedy has a stress-projective, anxiolytic, nootropic effect. While taking this drug, the oxygen supply to myocardial tissue improves, and the plasma electrolyte balance and potassium content in the blood, red blood cells, and myocardial tissue are regulated. Helps with coronary heart disease, cardialgia and various neurotic disorders.

If the pocket is empty

The price of a package of Phenibut tablets ranges from 180 rubles to 240 rubles; among the cheaper analogues of the drug, the following drugs can be distinguished:

• Elzepam - the cost of the drug is 100 rubles;
• Tranquesipam - the cost of package No. 10 is 100-120 rubles;
• Phenazepam - the cost of the package is from 89 rubles;
• Tenoten - the price per package varies from 150 to 200 rubles.

If there is no prescription

Over-the-counter analogues of Phenibut:

• Afobazole;
• Tenoten;
• Anvifen.

Comparative characteristics

Comparative characteristics will help you evaluate whether Phenibut or its analogues are better.

Anvifen - Phenibut in new packaging

Anvifen has similar properties; the drug contains the same active ingredient - aminophenylbutyric acid. Both drugs are prescribed for the following symptoms:

• eliminating feelings of anxiety, fear;
• for severe headaches, dizziness;
• for sleep disorders, insomnia;
• increased fatigue;
• for stress and severe irritability and other mental disorders.

Both drugs have the same effect. The difference is that Anvifen is an updated medicine, and its cost is also slightly higher compared to Phenibut - 260-270 rubles.

Comparison of the quality of Phenibut from different manufacturers

Phenibut is produced in different factories from the substance of the same name and using the same technology. But there is a significant difference in the quality of the drugs.

Composition of the drug

Available in tablet and powder form. There are different names depending on. There are no differences between the drugs; they are simply manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies. At the same time, the recipe and production technologies are the same as those used in Soviet times.

The active component of the drug is gamma-amino-beta-phenylbutyric acid. Additional components are:

1. Lactose.
2. Potato starch.
3. Stearic calcium.
4. Low molecular weight polyvinyl lyrrolidone.

Despite the fact that Phenibut has different manufacturers, almost all products have similar proportions of active and excipients. The composition of the powder and tablets is also identical. Tablets are available in a dosage of 250 mg, powder 100 mg (sometimes indicated on packages as 0.25 g and 0.1 g).

Source: //yazdorov.win/vitaminy/chto-luchshe-fenibut-ili-ego-analogi-sravnivaem-effektivnost-bezopasnost-stoimost.html

Features of application

Adaptol is prescribed in age-specific dosages 2-3 times a day, washed down with water. Treatment with the drug can be short-term - 5-7 days or long-term - up to several months. Treatment of nicotine addiction using Adaptol takes place within 5-6 weeks. On the recommendation of the treating doctor, the course of treatment can be repeated after some time.

Adaptol can be used in combination with other psychoactive substances - antipsychotics, tranquilizers, antidepressants and hypnotics. The drug is not only well tolerated as part of a complex treatment, but also reduces the likelihood of developing side effects of other psychoactive drugs.

Side effects

In most cases, Adaptol is well tolerated and does not cause adverse reactions. However, due to the individual characteristics of the body, or as a result of exceeding recommended dosages, side effects may occur in the form of dizziness, bronchospasm, decreased blood pressure, weakness, decreased body temperature, dyspeptic disorders and allergic reactions. Life-threatening adverse reactions require discontinuation of the drug. These include allergies and bronchospasm. The rest, as a rule, go away after adjusting the daily dose of the drug.

Adaptol poisoning

The possibility of an overdose with Adaptol is negligible, since the medicine has very low toxicity. There are known cases of acute poisoning with Adaptol, which were manifested by dyspepsia, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, dizziness, and severe weakness.

If drug poisoning is suspected, the doctor will prescribe gastric lavage using a medical tube. Also, in this case, the use of enterosorbents and symptomatic therapy that normalizes vascular tone and cardiac activity is indicated. If necessary, antiemetic and antidiarrheal drugs are prescribed.

If the symptoms of poisoning are severe enough, the doctor will most likely suggest that the patient be hospitalized in a hospital. This measure is necessary for better provision of medical care, during which intensive therapy and monitoring of the patient may be necessary.

Adaptol or Afobazol?

In addition to Adaptol, the pharmaceutical market offers drugs with a different chemical composition, but with a similar mechanism of action. These medications include Afobazole, which can be bought at a pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. The main effect of Afobazole is its anti-anxiety effect along with the activating component. At the same time, Afobazole does not exhibit pronounced sedation and hypnotic effects. The good thing about the drug is that it does not cause withdrawal symptoms, and also does not affect the function of memory and attention.

What is better - Adaptol or Afobazol? In terms of severity of pharmacological effects, these two drugs are approximately at the same level. In addition, both medications require a course of treatment and are ineffective as emergency medications. As for undesirable reactions, for both drugs they are quite few and occur, as a rule, when the dosages recommended by the doctor are not followed. Otherwise, both drugs are well tolerated, even with long courses of treatment.

Since drugs with anxiolytic effect are taken only as prescribed by a doctor, the choice of drug depends on the recommendation of a specialist. The doctor will select the necessary medicine, taking into account all the characteristics of the patient, including concomitant diseases and the possibility of side effects.

Online magazine about choosing the best goods and services

12.08.2019 11:13:11

Expert: Zalman Rivlin

We present to your attention two anxiolytic drugs - Mebicar and Adaptol.

The same composition, dosage, principle of action and indications - what is the difference between them? Both drugs are prescribed in the complex treatment of neuroses, cardiac diseases, addiction to tobacco and in other situations to relieve fear and anxiety. At first glance, the drugs differ only in price, and Mebikar, as a cheaper drug, is the winner. But is it really that simple?

The experts of our magazine collected data on the drugs in question and found out that Adaptol is considered an original drug, while Mebicar is a generic. The original has undergone clinical trials and has established itself as a medicine effective in the treatment of various neurological conditions. The generic differs in its auxiliary components and, theoretically, its effectiveness may be lower.

Studies have shown that both drugs cope with the task and are equally often used in practice. It is safe to say that in this case, the generic Mebicar is practically not inferior to the original Adaptol and can successfully compete with it in the pharmaceutical market.

Composition and release form: is there a difference?

The main active ingredient is the same for Adaptol and Mebicar - tetramethyltetraazabicyclooctanedione. The drugs in question differ in their auxiliary components. Mebicar additionally contains povidone and calcium stearate, Adaptol contains the same calcium stearate and methylcellulose.

Both drugs belong to the same pharmacological group. These are anxiolytics, they are also tranquilizers - drugs that relieve anxiety and fear. They are used in practical psychiatry and neurology, and are used in therapy for the complex treatment of certain diseases.

Mebicar and Adaptol are available in tablets. The dosage of the drug differs:

1. Adaptol is presented on the pharmaceutical market in the form of 500 mg tablets.
2. Mebicar is available in tablets of 300 and 500 mg.

The cost of drugs varies:

1. Adaptol - about 600 rubles for 20 pieces.
2. Mebicar - about 400 rubles for 20 pieces.

Mebicar is one and a half times cheaper, which determines its popularity. But let's find out whether the price of the more expensive option - Adaptol - is justified, and whether it is worth saving in this case.

How do they work?

The instructions for use state that tetramethyltetraazabicyclooctanedione in Adaptol and Mebicar acts on various tissues:

1. enhances oxygen supply to the myocardium;
2. improves blood flow in the heart muscle;
3. normalizes the balance of electrolytes in the blood;
4. activates protein synthesis;
5. increases the energy resource of the cell.

The active substance of both drugs is similar in structure to natural metabolites of the human body. It affects the functioning of the hypothalamus and the main neurotransmitter systems. The drugs under study are involved in the synthesis of choline, serotonin and adrenaline. When applied as a course, the following effects are expected:

1. anxiety and restlessness go away;
2. the feeling of fear decreases;
3. emotional stress decreases;
4. Cognitive functions improve: attention, memory.

Adaptol and Mebicar do not reduce mental and motor activity, so they can be prescribed during the day (including during school and work). They do not cause drowsiness, but improve the natural flow of sleep if it is disturbed. They do not lead to the development of euphoria and do not affect mood. Ease nicotine addiction.

Assessing the effectiveness of drugs

Controversy among doctors continues regarding Adaptol and Mebicar. Old-school specialists say that these drugs have proven their effectiveness in clinical practice. Neurologists and psychiatrists prescribe these drugs - and see their positive effects. The beneficial effects of medications are confirmed by clinical trials:

1. Mebicar has proven itself in the treatment of anxiety disorders associated with autonomic dysfunction. Studies have shown that the drug relieves feelings of anxiety and fear without causing drowsiness or reducing memory and attention.
2. Adaptol has been used in complex therapy of irritable bowel syndrome. The effect was noticeable already in the second week of taking the drug. The study authors especially emphasized the fact that Adaptol reduces anxiety and eliminates autonomic disorders without causing significant side effects.
3. Both drugs are successfully used in neurological and psychiatric practice, in dermatology, which is confirmed by numerous scientific works.
4. There are many similar examples, and these drugs are popular in Russia and the former CIS countries.

   But what do foreign colleagues say about this? A review of Cochrane studies did not provide information on the effectiveness of Adaptol (Mebicar).

   There is only data on not very large-scale studies that showed the beneficial effects of Adaptol, but you can’t focus on them alone. The sample is too small to seriously talk about the effectiveness of the drug.

5. Some sources refer to Adaptol and its analogues as “fuflomycins,” emphasizing the fact that these drugs have not undergone randomized clinical trials. According to the position of evidence-based medicine, such drugs cannot be used in the practice of a modern doctor.

Indications for use

Indications for Mebicar and Adaptol are similar:

1. neurotic disorders: anxiety, phobia, depression, emotional lability, etc.;
2. complex therapy for cardialgia (heart pain), coronary heart disease;
3. recovery after myocardial infarction;
4. addiction to tobacco – to reduce craving for nicotine;
5. when prescribing antipsychotics and tranquilizers - to improve their tolerability.
6. Indications for therapy are determined by the doctor after examination.

How are they appointed?

Mebicar and Adaptol are prescribed orally. You can take the medications at any time, regardless of meals. The daily dosage is divided into three doses and should not exceed 10 g.

The course of therapy is long - up to 3 months. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe the drug for six months. If necessary, the course of treatment must be repeated.

How are they transferred?

Experience shows that anxiolytics are well tolerated and side effects are rare. The following conditions may occur:

1. allergic reaction such as skin itching and rash;
2. decreased blood pressure;
3. increased body temperature;
4. nausea, abdominal discomfort.

These reactions are not a reason to stop therapy. Usually blood pressure and body temperature return to normal on their own. Only if an allergic rash and abdominal pain appears should you stop taking the drug and consult a doctor.

During treatment there is no addiction. Cancellation is well tolerated and no dosage adjustment is required.

Precautionary measures

Adaptol and Mebicar are not prescribed in the following situations:

1. pregnancy;
2. lactation period;
3. children under 18 years of age;
4. individual intolerance to the drug.

The drugs are low-toxic, and overdose is unlikely. Exceeding the dosage can lead to a sharp decrease in blood pressure, weakness and attacks of dizziness. When such symptoms appear, gastric lavage is indicated.

conclusions

Adaptol and Mebikar have only two obvious differences:

1. price: Adaptol is more expensive than Mebicar;
2. dosage: Mebicar is available in tablets of 300 and 500 mg, Adaptol - only 500 mg.

Otherwise, the drugs are no different. They have similar effects on the body, and their effectiveness is estimated to be approximately the same. The scope of application and adverse reactions are also similar for the drugs under consideration.

Source: //expertology.ru/obzor-preparatov-mebikar-ili-adaptol-chto-vybrat/

Indications for use of Adaptol

The drug is prescribed for various psychosomatic conditions caused by disruption of certain areas of the hypothalamus.

Indications:

• neurotic disorders and neurosis-like disorders - irritation, anxiety disorder, feeling of fear;
• when prescribing other drugs belonging to the group of antipsychotics and tranquilizers, to improve the tolerability of individual components in the development of various adverse reactions;
• cardialgic syndrome not associated with the development of coronary heart disease;
• nicotine addiction – to reduce the craving for tobacco and eliminate concomitant psychopathological conditions.

The medication can be used as monotherapy or as an additional agent as part of a complex treatment.

Adaptol (reviews from patients who took the drug indicate some restrictions on the use of the drug) has contraindications for use. The drug is not prescribed if there is hypersensitivity to the components included in the drug. Therefore, before use, you must ensure that there are no allergic reactions to the components.

Contraindications:

• bearing a child;
• breast-feeding;
• children under 18 years of age.

The medicine can be used with extreme caution in patients with low blood pressure. When using the drug in this group of patients, constant monitoring of blood pressure is necessary.

Indications for the use of Adaptol are:

• Neuroses and neurosis-like symptoms (irritability, emotional instability, anxiety, fear);
• Cardialgia of various origins (not associated with coronary heart disease);
• Oxidative stress of various etiologies (as an adaptogen and cerebroprotector);
• Nicotine withdrawal (as part of complex treatment to reduce the desire to smoke);
• Severe vegetative manifestations during PMS and menopause in women;
• Poisoning or adverse reactions to benzodiazepines;
• Poisoning or adverse reactions to neuroleptic and antipsychotic drugs.

It is important to know that Adaptol is a tranquilizer. Therapy with such tablets should be under the supervision of a physician.

Self-medication is fraught with dangerous consequences. I took the product strictly according to the instructions and periodically saw a specialist. The unpleasant signs of mental disorder disappeared already on the 3rd day. It's hard to even explain what a relief it is to be able to control your emotions again!!!!

After talking with a doctor (I was seen by a neurologist), I found out that Adapotol helps not only with severe withdrawal symptoms caused by quitting nicotine or drugs.

The list of indications includes the following signs of disease:

• any neurotic conditions;
• unmotivated fears, anxieties;
• aggression, irritability;
• relief of nicotine withdrawal.

Separately, I would like to highlight the effective therapy for cardialgia. My friend had a similar problem. For those who have not heard of this condition, I will write that the disease manifests itself as pain in the left side of the chest, not associated with damage to the heart or arteries. Simply put, painful manifestations are psycho-emotional in nature. So, Adaptol helps alleviate the patient’s condition.

As far as I understand, side effects from treatment with Adaptol tablets are extremely rare. Under certain conditions (individual intolerance), bronchospasms, urticaria, hypothermia and other manifestations of an incorrect reaction of the immune system are possible. The list of contraindications for the drug is very short.

From the instructions for Adaptol you can find out that the drug has a calming effect on the nervous system. After taking the pills, there is soon an improvement in mental activity and performance, the patient can concentrate faster and calmly manage his thoughts and actions. Consequently, the drug is prescribed for increased irritability, anxiety, neuroses, and unreasonably emerging fear.

The mild neuroleptic effect allows the drug to be used in the treatment of cardialgia.

The drug is not prescribed to people with hypersensitivity to its components. Adaptol is also contraindicated for pregnant women and nursing mothers.

What to choose: Adaptol or Mebicar?

In general therapeutic practice, Adaptol or Mebicar is used to correct anxiety and depressive disorders. Medicines help eliminate symptoms that bother the patient.

Adaptol or Mebicar is taken to correct anxiety and depressive disorders.

Characteristics of Adaptol

Adaptol belongs to the group of tranquilizers and acts quickly and well. The active substance is Mebicar 500. The medication is produced in tablets.

The medicine has the following effect on the patient’s body:

The Russian analogue of the drug Mebikar does not have a hypnotic effect and regulates autonomic disorders in nicotine withdrawal. The medication affects behavioral functions, is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract by 80%, and does not accumulate in organs and tissues.

Characteristics of Mebikar

The drug does not cause anticholinergic and muscle relaxant effects. It is a synthetic medicine and belongs to the group of tranquilizers.

The tablets have the following effects on the patient’s body:

• eliminate anxiety;
• reduce feelings of anxiety;
• calm the patient.

Mebikar exhibits a nootropic effect: strengthens memory, develops thinking, affects the quality of sleep, eliminates nightmares.

The medication acts on the following systems of the patient’s body:

• serotonin function of brain regulation;
• adrenergic;
• cholinergic;
• GAMK.

Mebicar exhibits a nootropic effect: strengthens memory, develops thinking, affects the quality of sleep, eliminates nightmares, and does not cause drowsiness during the daytime.

Comparison of Adaptol and Mebicar

Both drugs are used to relieve the following symptoms:

• irritation;
• feelings of anxiety and fear;
• mood swings;
• vegetative symptoms in the form of sweating, rapid heartbeat.

The drugs have the same tranquilizing effect and can be used simultaneously with antipsychotics, sleeping pills, and psychostimulants.

In some cases, the patient may refuse to take pills if he is diagnosed with the following diseases: low blood pressure, individual intolerance to tranquilizers, gastrointestinal pathologies, bronchial asthma, allergic reactions to medication components.

Similarities

Medicines have a similar effect on the patient’s body. Adaptol and Mebicar have an anxiolytic effect and normalize brain functions. After taking Mebikar tablets, the connection of presynaptic vesicles with a similar membrane is enhanced, and the function of mediator formations in the brain increases.

Adaptol has the same effect.

Medicines improve sleep; treatment of patients with the consequences of TBI leads to the disappearance of vegetative symptoms, a decrease in anxiety, and an increase in mental productivity.

Adaptol exhibits a normosthenic effect and is not contraindicated in any professional or social activity.

What is the difference

The difference between the medications is that Adaptol exhibits a normosthenic effect, has a dopamine effect, and is not contraindicated in any professional or social activity. The drug has no effect on concentration.

Mebicar exhibits the effect of psychotropic substances of several groups:

• tranquilizers;
• nootropics;
• antidepressants;
• adaptogens.

The medication increases mental stability and physical endurance. The drug helps improve hearing, vision, and smell. Mebicar has a high safety profile and can be used to treat children and pregnant women.

Which is cheaper?

Adaptol 0.5 mg No. 10 is sold at a price of 665 rubles. In Moscow, the drug costs from 750 rubles, the dose of the medicinal substance is 500 mg, 20 pcs. in packaging (tablets), manufacturer – Olainfarm (Latvia).

Medicine Mebikar tablets 300 mg No. 10x2, produced in Russia, sold at a price of 246 rubles. The drug in a dose of 500 mg No. 10x2 costs 432 rubles.

Which is better Adaptol or Mebicar

Mebicar is much cheaper than Adaptol. In addition, the drug is available in two dosages: 300 mg and 500 mg.

Adaptol does not cause drowsiness, which is especially important for the driver of a vehicle.

The drug is expensive, but to consolidate the therapeutic effect, 2-3 courses of therapy should be carried out. Sometimes the tranquilizer causes discomfort in the mouth and headache.

Patients often complain that taking Mebicar does not improve their sleep quality. Sometimes the drug causes allergic reactions, but eliminates the side effects of medications, reduces the patient’s dependence on nicotine, and eliminates heart pain.

The drug is prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenic disorders and psychopathy as part of complex therapy. The medication does not cause euphoria. The drugs retain minor toxicity; Mebicar has an effective effect in the treatment of neuroses and alcoholism.

The medication has an analgesic effect and is used for functional disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Adaptol is taken by patients suffering from convulsive seizures and losing orientation in space. The drug cannot be combined with alcohol.

For hyperhidrosis

Patients with VSD with increased sweating are prescribed the tranquilizer Mebicar for 3 months, 300 mg 2 times a day. The patient's sweating decreases, anxiety and discomfort disappear.

Patients tolerate the medicine well, there are no side effects.

Adaptol is used to treat panic attacks accompanied by increased sweating. The medication is prescribed 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. The effect of the drug begins 30 minutes after use and lasts 4 hours.

Patients' opinions

Sergey, 29 years old, Tomsk

I suffer from myopathy. The doctor prescribed Adaptol. I used 2 packages of the drug (500 mg, 20 tablets) per course of treatment. Irritability disappeared, I became calm, my sleep was normal. I am satisfied with the treatment. In 2 months I want to repeat the course of therapy.

Alexander, 68 years old, Orel

I was worried at a friend's funeral. Blood pressure increased and anxious thoughts appeared in my head. The doctor prescribed Mebicar. I took the medicine for 30 days, 3 tablets per day. A week later, my blood pressure stabilized, my general condition improved, and I felt peace of mind.

Ekaterina, 35 years old, Ryazan

I suffer from VSD. I took Mebicar for 14 days, 1 tablet 4 times a day. I felt improvement on the 3rd day. After the course of therapy, I began to sleep soundly, and my mental discomfort disappeared. There were no side effects. A good sedative. I recommend.

Reviews from doctors about Adaptol and Mebicare

Borisov P. N., psychotherapist

I use the medication Adaptol in monotherapy (for panic attacks) and in combination with antidepressants to eliminate the patient’s depressive state. The drug, being a daytime tranquilizer, does not affect driving. The medication is used in complex therapy of skin diseases.

Teplyakov P. S., allergist

An effective anti-anxiety agent. Eliminates feelings of fear, restores night sleep. Mebicar is a nootropic drug that improves memory, increases performance, and does not cause drowsiness during the daytime. I use the medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, skin pathologies, and I use the drug to treat children.

Source: https://upraznenia.ru/adaptol-ili-mebikar.html

Instructions for use

Adaptol is taken twice or thrice a day, regardless of meals. The dose of the drug is not titrated, the average therapeutic dosage is prescribed immediately. Adults take 300 or 500 mg 2-3 times a day at the same time. Teenagers - 250 mg twice a day.

Adaptol does not accumulate in the body, its effect is noticeable immediately after the start of administration. In some cases, a few days of treatment are sufficient.

Treatment is allowed for a maximum of 2-3 months. The maximum dose taken at one time should not exceed 3000 mg.

To treat nicotine addiction, the concentration is increased. It is recommended to take 500-1000 mg of the drug three times a day for 1.5 months. During the course of treatment, it is not recommended to drive vehicles or engage in activities that require increased concentration.

Description and composition

Adaptol is a drug that helps eliminate increased irritability, symptoms of anxiety and restlessness. Taking the medicine reduces emotional stress, which can manifest itself against the background of increased physical or mental fatigue. Unlike other drugs from the group of tranquilizers, the drug has a small list of contraindications and is well tolerated. Taking the medicine does not reduce mental activity, does not impair coordination of movements, and is not addictive.

Multiple clinical trials have shown that this drug can be used for working people and students. Its use does not cause a feeling of euphoria or other mental or neurological disorders.

Adaptol tablets are often used as monotherapy. Regular use of the drug helps eliminate nicotine withdrawal, normalizes sleep and a person’s psycho-emotional state.

The active component of the drug affects the brain structures that are responsible for emotions

At the same time, taking the medicine does not affect motor and mental activity, improves attention and cognitive functions. After taking the tablets, they are quickly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, act within 30 minutes and remain effective for 4 hours

The drug does not accumulate in the body and is excreted by the kidneys.

The basis of Adaptol tablets is tetramethyltetraazabicyclooctanedione in a dose of 300 or 500 mg. Due to the composition of the drug, the medicine acts on certain areas of the brain and does not disrupt the functioning of internal organs and systems.

Features of taking Adaptol

Phenibut and Adaptol, in comparison with other drugs, are considered equally safe and low-toxic. Unlike Phenibut, Adaptol should not be used to treat children and adolescents. Overdose may cause weakness, dizziness and low blood pressure.

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If the use of the medicine causes an allergy, then you should stop taking the medicine and try to replace it with analogues.

The treatment regimen and types of medications should be selected by medical specialists based on the patient’s medical history and test results. It is impossible to say that Adaptol and Phenibut are analogue products that completely replicate the properties. Similar effects on symptoms are produced by different substances with different patterns of action. It is better to take medications together for quick and successful relief from disturbing disorders.

Contraindications

The undoubted advantage of the drug is a small number of contraindications, which include:

• intolerance to the active substance or auxiliary components due to the individual characteristics of the body;
• period of pregnancy and lactation;
• children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

Adaptol is not used in pediatric practice due to the lack of data from clinical studies of the drug in children. To date, it is unknown how the drug can affect the functions and development of a child’s body. However, there is a practice of using the medicine in adolescence.

General description of the drug

Adaptol belongs to the tranquilizers . Its chemical structure is similar to metabolites in the human body. Affects the activity of the structures of the limbic-reticular complex: the emotional areas of the hypothalamus, serotonin, choline, GABA, adrenergic neurotransmitter systems.

Promotes integration and balanced functioning of these zones. Does not exhibit adrenergic blocking effect. Doctors often prescribe Adaptol to children due to its relative safety and effectiveness.

What are the pharmacological effects

Since the drug "Adaptol", the instructions for use informs about this, is a prominent representative of anxiolytics, it is characterized by their main therapeutic effects:

• mild sedative effect - eliminates feelings of anxiety, fear, as well as anxiety, irritability, and emotional overstrain;
• improvement of attention and cognitive functions;
• potentiation of the effects of drugs that have the ability to normalize sleep;
• membrane stabilizing effect;
• cerebroprotector;
• adaptogen - due to its antioxidant properties;
• there is the ability of an antagonist-agonist of the adrenergic system;
• normosthenic effect.

The distinctive characteristics of the drug are the absence of some euphoria and drowsiness, as well as impaired motor activity and muscle relaxation. Various psychopathic disorders or pathological emotional disorders are also not observed. No dependence or discomfort is formed.

Russian-made analogues

A large number of registered tablets leaves pharmacy visitors to make their own choice, focusing on a price that is acceptable to everyone.

The list of Russian-made analogues with similar indications for use is large.

Ukrainian substitutes

Most often, when studying the global pharmaceutical market, Ukrainian-made drugs turn out to be the cheapest, but upon closer study it becomes clear that the price range is as great as in other countries.

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Cheap analogues of the drug:

1. Mebikar , a drug with the same name as that of Russian manufacturers, but the price starts from 190 rubles. The same list of indications: nervous excitability, irritability, neuropsychic disorders.
2. Tranquilar - its price is higher: 500-600 rubles. The composition contains similar substitutes that affect the restoration of the nervous system, eliminating unreasonable anxieties, fears and excessive irritability.
3. NOOBUT-IC . Made with phenibut. Suitable for children from three years old. Costs about 550 rubles. Used for severe cases of alcohol syndrome.
4. Glyceside . The Ukrainian-made drug is cheaper, costs about 70-100 rubles. Has a slight sedative effect. Gently soothes, brings the general condition back to normal.

Indications

The medicine is used in the vast majority of cases in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice. However, it can be used by doctors of other profiles. For example, neurologists and cardiologists. The use of adaptol is justified in the following cases:

• Neurotic disorders accompanied by increased irritability, aggression, anxiety;
• Emotional lability as a symptom of any disease;
• Neurasthenia due to general fatigue;
• Somatoform and psychosomatic disorders, including non-anginal heart pain;
• Clinically pronounced premenstrual syndrome, deterioration of well-being during menopause;
• Psychological stressful situations in order to improve the body’s adaptive capabilities;
• The need to protect nerve cells from damaging factors, as a cerebroprotector;
• Quitting smoking as a drug that reduces tobacco addiction;
• Infectious pathology accompanied by productive psychotic symptoms;
• State of hypomania or residual effects of schizophrenia;
• Hallucinosis or anxiety-delusional disorder without severe behavioral disturbances.

In addition, adaptol is prescribed in conjunction with antipsychotics. This makes it possible to reduce the manifestations of a number of side effects associated with neurological disorders. Mebicar has been proven to improve the tolerability of antipsychotic therapy.