Short-term and long-term memory
- During the aging process, irreversible processes are launched in the body, which significantly worsen the quality of life. Deterioration of the central nervous system is one of the causes of memory impairment. Slow metabolism slows down the renewal of nerve cells.
- The exchange of information between areas of the brain occurs through neural connections. The duration of memorization of various events depends on them. Aging of the body leads to a weakening of these connections. Short-term memory loss develops. Old people stop remembering current events in full.
- The causes of memory impairment in older people are still being studied by doctors. It is difficult to answer the question why some patients lose their memory partially and others completely.
- Sudden and short-term memory loss occurs for psychological and physiological reasons.
Memory loss is not uncommon. The group of physiological causes includes:
- Chronic ailments that accompany the patient for a long period of time.
- Severe blows and bruises in the head area.
- Cerebrovascular accident.
- Psychoneurological diseases.
- Lack of physical activity, staying in one position for a long time while working.
- Slow metabolism.
- Unbalanced diet.
- Excessive physical and mental stress.
- Infectious diseases.
- Long-term intoxication of the body.
- Cardiovascular diseases.
- Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
Memory deteriorates for many reasons.
The group of psychological reasons includes:
- Unstable emotional background, depression, nervous tension.
- Inadequate rest and, as a result, overexcitement.
- Prolonged loneliness, lack of attention and care from loved ones.
- Regular self-immersion, detachment from reality.
- Monotonous lifestyle.
What is considered normal in memory deterioration and loss? There is no specific threshold; each person has his own. Everyone knows that memory has no limits. There is such a thing as super memory. Those who own it are able to remember the smallest details of events heard or seen that happened sometime in the past.
Many official reference books and serious publications call this process not just a physiological phenomenon, but also a way to accumulate cultural and life experience. Experts divide memory into long-term and short-term. The ratio may vary for each person. Memory problems in young people may have different causes, but in any case, its development and training are of great importance.
If you have developed long-term memory, then the material will most likely not be easy to assimilate, but years later the information will remain in your head. Those with trained short-term memory instantly remember material, but literally after a week they cannot reproduce what they once knew well - the information is not saved.
What causes symptoms such as: poor memory, blackouts
Below are diseases that match your symptoms.
Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder is a mental illness characterized by the appearance of a second personality in a person.
In psychiatry, multiple dissociative identity disorder is distinguished, in which several personalities coexist simultaneously in the patient. Sometimes cases are diagnosed when there are more than a hundred personalities in one person. Read more- panic attacks
- poor appetite
- bad memory
- loss of consciousness
- urinary incontinence
- dizziness
- depression
- headache
- memory loss
- sense of anxiety
- visual hallucinations
- auditory hallucinations
- sleep disorders
- memory losses
- involuntary defecation
- mood swings
- long-term memory impairment
Cerebral atherosclerosis
Cerebral atherosclerosis is a disease that affects the arteries of the brain.
The disease occurs in people over the age of 20, but most often it affects older people (over 60 years of age). Cerebral atherosclerosis is a type of vascular dementia (dementia), which is why it is sometimes called “senile sclerosis.” Read more- poor coordination of movements
- bad memory
- fainting
- impaired concentration
- dizziness
- decreased attention
- depression
- headache
- hearing loss
- weakness
- hearing impairment
- weakness in the hands
- weakness in legs
- tingling in hands
- tingling in the legs
- decreased performance
- muscle cramps of the limbs
- decreased intelligence
- sleep disturbance
- limb spasms
- noise in ears
- memory losses
- mood swings
- faintness
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is an incurable degenerative lesion of the central nervous system, in which memory, speech, logic gradually deteriorate and are lost, and an intellectual disorder is observed.
Most often, the disease develops in people after 60 years of age. Read more- personality change
- bad memory
- problem behavior
- speech disorder
- fecal incontinence
- deterioration of sense of smell
- unsteady gait
- illusion
- dementia
- gait disturbance
- hallucinations
- irritability
- apathy
- loss of perception of sensory stimuli
- memory loss
- confusion
- myoclonus
- disorientation
- mood swings
Lead poisoning
Lead poisoning is the most common type of heavy metal poisoning. The disease is usually observed in children from one to five years of age. Lead, as a rule, enters the human body through inhalation of lead-containing dust, soot and vapors, which causes psychotropic, neurotoxic and hemolytic effects. Once in the body, organic metal compounds are converted into inorganic ones, which leads to chronic intoxication. Poisoning is characterized by damage to all parts of the brain.
- poor appetite
- bad memory
- problem behavior
- abdominal cramp
- tactile hypoesthesia
- sleep problems
- abdominal pain
- impaired concentration
- constipation
- vomit
- fatigue
- aggressiveness
- anemia
- coma
- dementia
- skull dehiscence
- stunting
- headache
- hearing loss
- high blood pressure
- infertility
- irritability
- joint pain
- memory loss
- mental retardation
- spasm
- myalgia
- numbness
- muscle weakness
- hearing impairment
- colic
Amnesia
Amnesia is a pathological condition that is characterized by a total or partial loss of memories of current, recent or past distant events.
Translated from Latin, the name of the disease means unconsciousness. Read more- bad memory
- speech disorder
- depression
- guilt
- headache
- memory loss
- confusion
- sense of anxiety
Avitaminosis
Avitaminosis is the term used to refer to a deficiency of vitamin B1 or thiamine.
Vitamin B1 is found in foods such as milk, beans, vegetables, meat and whole grains. Read more- poor coordination of movements
- poor appetite
- bad memory
- stomach ache
- peeling skin
- itchy skin
- rash
- dyspnea
- drowsiness
- acidity in the stomach
- rapid pulse
- tachycardia
- numbness of the toe
- loss of consciousness
- uncontrolled eye movements
- unilateral hearing loss
- blurred vision
- vomit
- woozy
- ataxia
- pale skin
- burning
- coma
- communication disorder
- dry skin
- numbness of the finger
- bleeding gums
- hallucinations
- headache
- hearing loss
- heart rhythm disturbances
- irritability
- fatigue
- apathy
- memory loss
- menstrual irregularities
- confusion
- numbness
- numbness in legs
- numbness of the limbs
- pain
- weakness
- nausea
- brittle hair
- paralysis
- sleep disturbance
- it's hard to talk
- mood swings
Stroke
Stroke is an acute disorder of cerebral circulation that leads to damage and death of brain neurons.
When a blood vessel is blocked by a thrombus, an ischemic stroke occurs, and when the vessel ruptures, a hemorrhagic stroke occurs. Ischemic stroke occurs much more often than hemorrhagic stroke. Read more- personality change
- poor coordination of movements
- bad memory
- unusual pose
- Strong headache
- retardation of movements
- slow pulse
- drowsiness
- problems with diction
- speech disorder
- intermittent breathing
- numbness of the toe
- fecal incontinence
- blindness
- loss of consciousness
- repetitive movements
- unsteady gait
- dizziness
- blurred vision
- vomit
- weak bladder
- weak muscles
- woozy
- frequent yawning
- ataxia
- suffocation
- clubfoot
- clumsiness
- dementia
- depression
- echolalia
- esotropia
- drooping eyelids
- numbness of the finger
- gait disturbance
- generalized tonic-clonic seizure
- headache
- high blood pressure
- involuntary movements
- heart rhythm disturbances
- fatigue
- lethargy
- stiffness of movement
- apathy
- loss of muscle function
- loss of perception of sensory stimuli
- loss of vision in half the visual field
- memory loss
- blurry vision
- confusion
- muscle contracture
- myoclonus
- numbness of hands
- numbness
- numbness in legs
- numbness of the limbs
- nausea
- cardiopalmus
- paralysis
- hand numbness
- numbness of the face
- loss of balance
- unclear speech
- difficulty speaking
- speech perception disorder
- purplish-red complexion
- blurred vision in one eye
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (AWS)
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WWS) is a type of brain disorder caused by a lack of vitamin B-1, or thiamine. The syndrome is actually made up of two separate diseases that can occur simultaneously, Wernicke's encephalopathy (WD) and Korsakoff's syndrome.
- bad memory
- uncontrolled eye movements
- unsteady gait
- blurred vision
- aimless movement
- ataxia
- decreased attention
- illusion
- drooping eyelids
- gait disturbance
- hallucinations
- memory loss
- blurry vision
- confusion
Pick's disease
Pick's disease (frontotemporal dementia) is a rare chronic disease of the central nervous system.
Read more- bad memory
- speech disorder
- urinary incontinence
- blurred vision
- aggressiveness
- memory loss
- hearing impairment
- mood swings
Vertebro-basilar insufficiency
Vertebro-basilar insufficiency (vertebrobasilar arterial system syndrome) is a dysfunction of the brain due to weakened blood flow in the basilar or vertebral arteries. It can be congenital or acquired.
- poor coordination of movements
- bad memory
- drowsiness
- fainting
- a sore throat
- numbness of the toe
- impaired concentration
- blindness
- unilateral hearing loss
- dizziness
- blurred vision
- vomit
- woozy
- aimless movement
- ataxia
- decreased attention
- numbness of the finger
- headache
- hearing loss
- irritability
- fatigue
- memory loss
- blurry vision
- lack of appetite
- numbness
- numbness in legs
- numbness of the limbs
- pain in the neck
- weakness
- nausea
- muscle weakness
- cardiopalmus
- difficulty swallowing
- sweating
- hearing impairment
- loss of balance
- difficulty walking
- noise in ears
- pain in the back of the head
- mood swings
Whipple's disease
Whipple's disease is a fairly rare form of systemic disease.
It is caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whippelii, and therefore is classified as infectious. The lymphatic system of the synovial membranes of the joints and small intestine is mainly affected. Read more- poor appetite
- bad memory
- fever
- peeling skin
- skin redness
- insomnia
- dyspnea
- speech disorder
- swelling due to excess fluid
- swollen lymph nodes
- tongue swelling
- abdominal pain
- vomit
- watery stool
- fatigue
- weight loss
- pale skin
- chills
- chronic pain
- cough
- dry skin
- gray skin
- heart murmur
- gastrointestinal bleeding
- joint pain
- fatigue
- low blood pressure
- memory loss
- confusion
- lack of appetite
- numbness
- disorientation
- nausea
- muscle weakness
- diarrhea
- elevated temperature
- muscle pain
- heart failure
- chronic cough
- skin thickening
- pain in the navel area
Carotid artery stenosis
Carotid artery stenosis is a blockage of the carotid artery by a thrombus or atherosclerotic plaque, the main cause of ischemic stroke.
Read more- bad memory
- drowsiness
- speech disorder
- loss of consciousness
- blurred vision
- fatigue
- ataxia
- fatigue
- memory loss
- blurry vision
- confusion
- numbness
- incoherent speech
Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease is an inherited disease in which the nerve cells in the brain are gradually destroyed.
This can cause physical and psychological symptoms. Read more- personality change
- bad memory
- shiver
- seizures
- retardation of movements
- muscle spasm
- speech disorder
- muscle stiffness
- gnashing of teeth
- tremor
- muscle twitching
- repetitive movements
- clumsiness
- rave
- dementia
- depression
- salivation
- hallucinations
- involuntary movements
- irritability
- apathy
- memory loss
- mental retardation
- confusion
- spasm
- difficulty walking
- incoherent speech
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain tissue.
The term “encephalitis” refers to infectious, allergic, infectious-allergic and toxic lesions of the brain. Read more- photophobia
- poor coordination of movements
- poor appetite
- bad memory
- problem behavior
- fever
- seizures
- stomach ache
- retardation of movements
- bulging fontanelle
- drowsiness
- intermittent breathing
- stuffy nose
- loss of consciousness
- repetitive movements
- unsteady gait
- dizziness
- vomit
- weak muscles
- weight loss
- aggressiveness
- chills
- clumsiness
- coma
- cough
- rave
- hot skin
- gait disturbance
- generalized tonic-clonic seizure
- hallucinations
- headache
- involuntary movements
- irritability
- labored breathing
- fatigue
- lethargy
- apathy
- memory loss
- confusion
- spasm
- bad feeling
- disorientation
- weakness
- nausea
- cardiopalmus
- elevated temperature
- sweating
- strabismus
- twitching
- sensitivity to light
- breathing disorder
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia is an increase in the concentration of calcium in the blood plasma.
With a high concentration of calcium, a calcium deposit forms in the blood vessels, liver and kidney tissue, which makes them brittle. Read more- polydipsia
- poor appetite
- bad memory
- problem behavior
- seizures
- stomach ache
- pain in the side
- drowsiness
- spinal deformity
- abdominal pain
- muscle twitching
- constipation
- loss of consciousness
- vomit
- weak muscles
- fatigue
- coma
- dehydration
- rave
- dementia
- depression
- dry skin
- hallucinations
- headache
- hematuria
- high blood pressure
- irritability
- fatigue
- apathy
- memory loss
- confusion
- muscle atony
- nocturia
- lack of appetite
- pain
- nausea
- thirst
- frequent urination
- muscle pain
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is a potentially dangerous condition that most often occurs in people with diabetes.
Read more- bad memory
- seizures
- feeling of heartbeat
- sticky skin
- fainting
- tachycardia
- sleep problems
- emotional lability
- loss of consciousness
- pupils of different sizes
- dizziness
- blurred vision
- fatigue
- woozy
- aggressiveness
- pale skin
- cold sweat
- coma
- decreased attention
- dementia
- generalized tonic-clonic seizure
- hallucinations
- headache
- heart fluttering
- increased hunger
- heart rhythm disturbances
- irritability
- fatigue
- memory loss
- blurry vision
- confusion
- myalgia
- bad feeling
- pain
- cardiopalmus
- sweating
- mood swings
Central sleep apnea
Central sleep apnea (CAS) is a breathing disorder in which episodes of decreased or complete cessation of respiratory muscle effort occur during sleep. With this disorder, breathing periodically stops and then resumes. Breathing disorders are the result of certain problems in the functioning of the heart or brain.
- personality change
- bad memory
- dyspnea
- drowsiness
- wheeze
- intermittent breathing
- frequent yawning
- suffocation
- motor hyperactivity
- irritability
- memory loss
- nightmares
- weakness
- difficulty swallowing
Apathy
Apathy is a mental illness characterized by an indifferent attitude to life events, to what is happening, as well as indifference to loved ones and surrounding people, hostility, and aversion to life.
It is one of the causes of depression. Read more- poor appetite
- insomnia
- drowsiness
- impaired concentration
- dizziness
- decreased attention
- depression
- fatigue
- lethargy
- weakness
- lethargy
- decreased performance
- depressed mood
- feeling of loneliness
- memory losses
Growth hormone deficiency
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone. This condition is common in children.
- bad memory
- short stature
- blurred vision
- depression
- headache
Hydrocephalus (water on the brain)
Hydrocephalus is a neurological disease that provokes an excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain or a disruption of its normal outflow.
Read more- bad memory
- retardation of movements
- bulging fontanelle
- muscle spasm
- uncontrolled eye movements
- blurred vision
- vomit
- weak bladder
- developmental delay
- esotropia
- gait disturbance
- skull dehiscence
- stunting
- headache
- irritability
- lethargy
- megalocephaly
- mental retardation
- blurry vision
- spasm
- difficulty walking
Never rely solely on search results to make a diagnosis. Be sure to consult a board-certified physician for diagnosis and treatment.
general information
Memory is a function of the central nervous system, whose responsibilities include the perception, retention, and accumulation of information at different times. A person rarely thinks about the memory system, unless he is trying to learn something new. When we learn, the main task is to grasp and comprehend what we read; this can be done with a good memory.
There are two types of memory: short-term and long-term.
Everything that we perceive briefly is most often forgotten within a few minutes, this is how short-term memory works. Of course, a person does not grasp the meaning of such information. Thanks to this memory, the human brain is not clogged with unnecessary information.
Long-term memory has the exact opposite meaning. She puts incoming information in order, accumulating it. Long-term memory information is stored indefinitely. It is due to it that a person remembers all knowledge and is capable of learning. This is an incredibly difficult brain process, yet man considers it the most ordinary. To successfully use memory, you need to have good concentration; one without the other will not be valuable in learning.
Lifestyle, hobby
To form a good memory, you need to change your lifestyle, as well as find new hobbies. This point is especially relevant for teenagers who do not have useful hobbies and waste time. It is recommended to use such methods carefully, without causing negative emotions in the child.
Active life position
It is worth starting to change your lifestyle from the child’s life position. If it is active, then memory itself will gradually develop without the use of any special methods. To do this, a teenager must show curiosity about any phenomena and events, regularly participate in various activities and use all his strength to achieve goals and desires. It is very important that all this is determined by personal desire, and not by the demands of parents.
Intellectual activity
Any brain activity contributes to the development of intelligence, which will also inevitably improve the quality of memory. It should consist not only of school subjects, but also of home hobbies. Reading an interesting book, solving puzzles, memorizing poetry or learning a foreign language is perfect for this.
Hobby
Choosing the right hobbies greatly increases your likelihood of achieving success in the future. The best time to find them is in adolescence. Hobbies can be domestic. For example, putting together puzzles, doing handicrafts, or playing a musical instrument. All of them have a positive effect on memory. Sports hobbies are no less useful, because... they improve blood circulation in the brain. Regular jogging, team sports, dancing or martial arts are suitable.
Proper nutrition
It is very important for the development of memory and attention in adolescents to eat properly. It is recommended that everyone comply with this condition, because... When eating junk food, the quality of brain function decreases, and overall health deteriorates. You need to add seafood, fish, white meat, vegetables, nuts, cereals, cottage cheese, berries, dark chocolate and honey to your diet. At the same time, you should give up fast food, fried, fatty and fresh baked goods.
If a teenager refuses to use certain methods of memory development, then there is no need to force him.
Memory failures and deterioration in the elderly, memory pills for the elderly: reviews
Before determining a treatment regimen, it is necessary to find out the exact diagnosis and determine what caused the disorder. You can find out all this by determining the following information:
- What diseases torment a person? Most often, there is a connection between diseases in the present or pathologies in the past with a deterioration in the state of brain function;
- Are there factors that imply memory impairment? For example, dementia, traumatic brain injury, or taking certain medications;
- What medications is the patient taking, is there any possibility of memory deterioration from them.
When identifying the causes of memory impairment, it is necessary to do blood biochemistry. This analysis reveals hormonal problems, vitamin deficiencies and disorders at the metabolic level.
Frequent stress and prolonged depression can negatively affect brain function.
Memory problems in young people (main causes):
- Presence of insomnia, chronic fatigue.
- Unhealthy lifestyle, bad habits: alcohol, smoking.
- Frequent use of antidepressants and painkillers. For example, treatment with many pharmaceutical drugs has side effects such as memory impairment.
- Avitaminosis. Lack of amino acids, vitamins A and B.
- Traumatic brain injuries.
- Diseases of internal organs: renal and liver failure, liver cirrhosis, pulmonary tuberculosis are often accompanied by disturbances in brain activity and then memory impairment.
- Various brain pathologies: pituitary adenoma, malignant neoplasms and others.
If young people have problems with poor memory, the reasons should be determined by a specialist. Depending on the presence of a particular disease, this symptom is accompanied by lack of appetite, general depression, irritability, headache, insomnia, low-grade fever, and the like. These signs may indicate possible overwork of the body or the presence of inflammatory processes.
As a result of information overload in the brain, memory impairment can also occur. For example, every student is familiar with the state during a session when, after cramming, it seems that there is nothing left in the head. This memory impairment is temporary and does not require specific treatment. In this case, it is enough to concentrate, calm down, the functions will return to normal, and everything learned will be restored in the brain.
Before taking any measures to treat memory, it is worth understanding what the cause of the disease is and what disease provoked the symptoms. When identifying memory problems in young people, the causes and symptoms will be determined by a knowledgeable specialist. Medicines should be taken only on his recommendation.
If memory has deteriorated sharply, this is not a disease, but only a symptom. It warns of more serious illnesses that need to be identified and treated. Memory loss disrupts a full life, separates a person from society, and the adaptive functions and properties of the body decrease.
If memory impairment is detected, the doctor will most likely prescribe nootropic drugs. The drug “Noopet” belongs to this group. It contains amino acids - dipeptides. They affect the cerebral cortex, and help restore memory and concentrate attention.
- Memory deterioration begins gradually. At the initial stage, a person loses sight of current events. Subsequently, details experienced in youth begin to be erased from memory.
- At the most dangerous stage, old people no longer remember their personal data, which completely limits their freedom of action.
- Often a prerequisite for the development of age-related amnesia is abnormalities in the functioning of the blood vessels of the brain. Repeated strokes and ischemic attacks reduce memory performance.
Failures
Memory deterioration in older people is accompanied by characteristic symptoms:
- Confusion of consciousness – a person mixes up past and current events, decreases attention and concentration, and does not retain important moments in memory.
- Speech disorders - severe speech dysfunction, difficulty in choosing words when constructing a sentence, not entirely coherent phrases, inability to complete a thought.
- Distracted attention – disorientation in space and time, inadequate assessment of the situation.
- Headaches caused by head trauma.
- Unstable coordination of movements, loss of orientation in space.
- Chronic fatigue due to viral and infectious diseases.
- Involuntary trembling of the limbs, worsening in stressful situations.
- Dizziness that limits movement.
- Prolonged depression and apathy to surrounding events.
Restoring memory loss begins with eliminating abnormalities in the functioning of the whole organism, leading to brain dysfunction. In addition to taking medications, it is important for older patients to maintain their overall health through wellness activities:
- Physical therapy on an ongoing basis.
- A balanced diet with a high content of vitamins and microelements.
- A quality night's rest.
- Quitting bad habits, in particular smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Development of intelligence, social participation in society.
- Completing annual examinations and general tests.
- Daily monitoring of blood pressure readings.
- Maximum removal from stressful situations.
Treatment is needed
If memory loss progresses, it is recommended:
- Discuss his biography with the patient once a week.
- Record daily events in a diary in order to be able to recover information in a difficult situation.
- Cover distances in the fresh air on foot every day.
- Diversify therapy with drawing, singing, and music lessons.
- Discuss common events experienced, watching a movie and reading a book.
Reviews about memory loss in older people:
- Vladimir, 25 years old. My grandfather suffered a stroke. To improve brain function, the attending physician prescribed him the drug Biotredin. Within a few days, grandfather began to think better, his thoughts stopped getting confused, and his mental activity began to recover.
- Anastasia, 65 years old. After 60 years, the first forgetfulness began to appear. To improve memory performance, I give preference to natural preparations. I take Phytocerebralysin-f, a drug based on ginkgo biloba. Helps you remember more information and clears up the mess in your head.
- Maxim, 55 years old. After 50 years, the first apathy, loss of strength and deterioration in memory began to appear. To maintain my health, I started playing sports, taking daily walks in the fresh air, and revised my diet. I immediately felt a surge of energy and improved mental performance. For freshness and clarity of thinking, I take a Nootropic dietary supplement. In my free time, I solve crosswords and solve logic problems.
How to improve a teenager's memory - useful tips
It’s not easy for high school students - in addition to heavy academic loads, they need to prepare for exams to enter a college or university.
Future graduates who have a well-developed memory find it easier to learn; they easily absorb large amounts of information.
Therefore, parents often try to develop their child in advance in order to give him the opportunity to successfully pass entrance tests and enter a good educational institution. So how can you improve your teenager's memory?
Features of memory in adolescence
Adolescence is characterized by a desire for independence from adults and rebellion.
At this time, changes occur in the child’s worldview: if previously parents were an unquestioned authority, objects to be followed, now an understanding comes that they are just people with their own strengths and weaknesses.
For this reason, conflicts occur between adults and children; in disputes, teenagers try to prove their point of view by any means and win the right to make their own decisions. School teachers advise parents: “Train not to pay attention, this is the age children are now.”
At this time, friends, first love experiences, fashion and trends are much more important to them than studying. And this is quite natural, since in this way teenagers get to know themselves, learn to interact with the world around them, and prepare for adulthood.
The social component of life during this period is very important for the child; he should not be deprived of communication with his peers, even as punishment or a desire to improve his performance at school.
It is important to understand that in addition to lessons, homework, and tutoring, teenagers should have personal time, and they should not be overloaded under any circumstances.
Psychologists believe that at this age, namely from twelve to sixteen years, the main leap in the development of a child’s memory occurs.
He better begins to analyze the information received and draws his own conclusions from it.
But due to the fact that studying is often not in the first place for a teenager, it becomes difficult to force him to study more and develop his intellectual abilities.
Since at this age a child is interested in everything new and unusual, it is worth giving preference to those methods of developing memory in a teenager that can be called innovative.
Nowadays, interactive courses that widely use technology in the learning process are gaining popularity.
Monotonous, boring classes will not be able to interest the student, and without proper motivation, the result will be lower.
Development of attention in older children
Modern technologies have brought so much information into our lives that both adults and children have an overabundance of it.
The outlook of a teenager who actively uses the Internet is much higher than that of children of his age fifty years ago. Science, technology, art, humor - now it is not difficult to find any information in a matter of seconds.
It is this accessibility of knowledge that has led to the fact that it has become less valued by modern people.
When using a computer or smartphone, we no, no, scroll through the news feed, read an article with a catchy headline. The child spends his time getting acquainted with unnecessary information, which means his attention is constantly switching from really important tasks to entertainment.
It is important to understand that the ability to focus on solving a specific problem without being distracted by extraneous activities is a very important ability that will be useful in preparing for final exams, studying at a higher educational institution, as well as in career activities. The key to attention to any work is interest in it.
When watching an interesting movie or playing a computer game, a person is very engrossed and has no desire to switch to something else.
This happens because our brain more easily absorbs information in video form.
Our consciousness does not need to strain, as when reading books or solving mathematical problems: we see a picture, hear a series of sounds, all that remains is to understand the essence of the story.
When it comes to remembering information in class, things are more complicated: most textbooks are distributed in the form of books or electronic documents. The student needs to concentrate on work for a long time, maintain his attention in order to learn new knowledge.
Children with good visual memory do this easier. They complete their tasks faster, which means they have more free time to spend on entertainment.
To understand how best to develop a teenager’s memory, you need to take into account all his age-related characteristics.
Memory development in adolescents 15-16 years old
At the age of 15-16, a child is especially prone to teenage rebellion; he becomes less and less interested in studying. This is due not only to the fact that he has a need to spend more time with friends and playing computer games.
The fact is that the curriculum of modern schools is quite complex; it is difficult for children to maintain high performance in all subjects.
Therefore, they try to realize themselves in those activities that are easier for them: communicating with peers, creativity, hobbies or sports.
To achieve high motivation to study, it is important to focus on memory development in adolescents.
When a child just skims a paragraph in history or social studies to easily understand the topic, he will become more enthusiastic about doing homework.
Also, formulas in algebra and geometry will be instantly stored in the treasury of knowledge if the teenager has a well-developed visual memory.
Even in elementary school, it is noticeable that some students complete tasks faster and learn the material more easily, while other kids have difficulty remembering a small quatrain. Even then it is possible to assess the degree of memory development.
When a child’s attention is scattered and the mind is so overloaded that it is sometimes unable to remember even a dozen words, it’s time to think about memory training.
How to improve your memorization processes - tips
To improve the child’s memory and brain function, it is important to follow the general recommendations of doctors and psychologists, first of all this concerns the regime and lifestyle.
Bad habits, poor nutrition, and a sedentary lifestyle worsen the health of a child’s still developing body and increase the likelihood of diseases.
Of course, this cannot but affect his performance, because in order to cope with academic workloads and preparation for exams, he simply needs to feel good.
There are many different techniques to develop the memory of teenagers.
Some of them are aimed at training the perception of information by ear, others at developing visual memory. You can practice on your own; educational websites contain many examples of exercises aimed at improving brain activity.
However, in order to sufficiently develop memory and attentiveness, it is necessary to train them consistently, systematically.
It is not always possible to cope with this task on your own, but only in this case, activities that improve memory will help the child more easily master the material of the school curriculum.
Various centers for additional education for children and adolescents come to the rescue. They host group classes that are aimed at improving memory. When choosing such an educational institution, you need to pay attention to the methods by which training is conducted. You should not give preference to those centers that promise to achieve improved results in a short time.
Carefully choose those educational institutions where memory development classes are conducted according to time-tested programs. They will help the teenage intellect, which is still developing, to improve its abilities so that the child subsequently studies and works well.
Source: https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/memorika/kak-uluchshit-pamyat-podrostku—poleznye-sovety/
Memory failures and deterioration in the elderly, memory pills for the elderly: reviews
Failures
Memory enhancing drugs affect blood circulation and processes associated with concentration, attention and perception. Improve brain function with simple medications that have no contraindications:
- Herbal preparation Ginkgo biloba - improves blood circulation, neutralizes free radicals that destroy cells.
- Amino acid Glycine – provides protection to the nervous system.
- Omega 3 – for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
- Vinpocetine – helps improve metabolism in the brain. Restriction for use is cardiac arrhythmia.
- Vitamins C and E – neutralize free radicals.
- Nootropics – improve intracellular metabolic processes.
- Vitrum memory is a herbal preparation that prevents oxygen starvation.
- Aminalon - evens out the dynamics of nervous processes, removes toxins from the brain.
- Bilobil - equalizes intellectual abilities, normalizes sleep, eliminates unnecessary fears and worries.
- Memory impairment is affected by a deficiency of B vitamins and folic acid, so they also need to be included in the diet.
Vascular
The following products have a positive effect on improving brain activity:
- Grated carrots with steamed raisins flavored with sour cream.
- Dark chocolate in small quantities.
- Seeds, walnuts.
- Chopped horseradish.
- Dairy products.
- Sea kale.
- Baked and fresh vegetables.
- Fresh and dried fruits.
- The use of lists, reminders, and proper organization of the day can compensate for the forgetfulness of older people.
- It is very important to approach the problem comprehensively - to combine drug treatment, proper nutrition, uniform physical activity, and cognitive stimulation.
The phenomenon of “poor memory” can have a variety of reasons. If a baby is born with a retardation, his memory will be extremely weak, which means that such a person will not be ready for serious learning in adulthood. The child's psyche is more susceptible to external and internal problems, which means that the baby cannot avoid stress.
Adult causes of poor memory are extremely rare in children; these pathological conditions are acquired only as they grow older.
Causes of poor memory in children:
- Living in constant stress (unfavorable living conditions, problems at school, with peers in the yard);
- Congenital diseases (Down syndrome);
- Vision is below normal;
- Anemia and vitamin deficiency;
- Brain cancer;
- Asthenia;
- Mental disorders;
- Frequent diseases caused by viruses;
- Poisoning the body with alcohol or drugs;
- Skull injuries.
Adults suffer from poor memory as a result of acquired ailments:
- Vertebrobasilar insufficiency;
- Stress, chronic emotional fatigue;
- Traumatic brain injuries;
- Metabolic disorders;
- Atherosclerosis;
- Hormonal imbalance;
- Acute circulatory disturbance in the vessels of the brain;
- Alzheimer's disease;
- Encephalopathy;
- Depression, schizophrenia;
- Osteochondrosis.
In adults, memory problems occur in a rough form, which cannot be said about children. The most common cause of poor memory in children is congenital characteristics; if adults take care of this problem in time, then over time the condition can at least be improved; in some cases, complete recovery occurs.
A different approach is necessary for children who have poor memory as a result of some external factors. Differences in children's reactions to certain factors:
- Alcoholization is the cause of many problems, poor memory is one of them. The teenage body reacts to intoxication differently than an adult; memory loss begins already in the first stages of drunkenness;
- Often, memory lapses in a child are associated with certain negative events. For example, poisoning or injury;
- Usually the child forgets a short period of time. Childhood amnesia has no clarity; it is very difficult to define.
Memory diagnostic methods
The most common method “10 words”, Luria A.R., for the study of auditory-verbal memory (slightly simplified for use at home).
Purpose: assessment of the state of auditory memory for words, fatigue, attention, memorization, preservation, reproduction, voluntary attention.
Carrying out the technique requires an appropriate environment. There should be no extraneous conversations in the room. The subject is asked to remember 10 words. They must meet several conditions:
- Uniformity: all words are singular nouns. number, im. case, consisting of the same number of syllables (one- or two-syllable).
- Words should, if possible, be unrelated to each other (words cannot be offered for memorization: table - chair; fire - water, etc.).
Word options:
Research procedure. I read instructions (a) to the subject. Then a series of words are read out. At the end of reading, the words remembered by the test subject are recorded in the protocol. Then read out instructions (b). After recording the data in the protocol, the experiment is repeated without instructions. The material is presented several times until complete memorization or up to 10 times. Before the next readings of the material, the experimenter simply says: “One more time.”
At each stage of the study, a protocol is filled out. A cross is placed opposite each reproduced word in the column that corresponds to the attempt number.
Protocol form.
| Words/attempts | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | In one hour |
| Forest | |||||||||||
| Bread | |||||||||||
| Window | |||||||||||
| Chair | |||||||||||
| Water | |||||||||||
| Horse | |||||||||||
| Mushroom | |||||||||||
| Needle | |||||||||||
| Honey | |||||||||||
| Fire | |||||||||||
| TOTAL |
After finishing repeating the words, the experimenter says to the subject: “In an hour, you will tell me these same words again.” An hour later, the subject, at the request of the researcher, reproduces the remembered words without preliminary reading, which are recorded in the protocol in circles.
Instructions:
— Instruction(s): “Now I will read a few words. Listen carefully. When I finish reading, immediately repeat as many words as you remember. You can repeat the words in any order."
— Instruction (b): “Now I will read you the same words again, and you must repeat them again, both those that you have already named and those that you missed the first time. The order of the words is not important."
The processing of results for psychologists and neuropsychologists is very extensive and provides a lot of information, but at home it is enough to count the total number of words that a teenager remembers. The number of words retained and reproduced in the first series shows the capacity of auditory short-term memory. The norm is 5 words or more
The number of words retained and recalled one hour later shows the capacity of auditory long-term memory.
Typically, 10 words are memorized after 3-4 repetitions. After 20 minutes, 8-9 words are played. The next day - 5-6 words.
Methodology “Memory for Images”
The teenager is presented with a table with 16 images for 20 seconds. The images must be memorized and reproduced on the form within 1 minute.
Form.
Stimulus material
Instructions: “You will be presented with a table with images (give an example). Your task is to remember as many images as possible in 20 seconds. After 20 seconds, the table will be removed, and you must draw or write down (express verbally) the images that you remember.”
Processing and analysis of results. Test results are assessed by the number of correctly reproduced images. The norm is 6 correct answers or more.
“Feel and remember the pose” - a technique for studying tactile memory
A teenager standing or sitting with his eyes closed is given 2-3 poses in succession, each “removed”, i.e. the person rises to the starting position. The task is to feel and remember them, and then reproduce them in the required sequence. Normally, 2-3 poses are memorized with 1-2 repetitions.
If you find a significant decrease in memory in your child, this is a reason to contact a psychologist, preferably a clinical or neuropsychologist. They will conduct additional diagnostics and give valuable recommendations. Can I.
Remember, memory impairment may be a sign of other problems in a person that are best left undisturbed. Take care of your children!
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Pathologies. Alzheimer's disease
Most often, this disease is inherited. At the first stages it may not be noticeable. But at the first sign of memory impairment, it is better to immediately consult a doctor. A person suffering from this disease begins to forget recent events, and over time becomes selfish, difficult to communicate, and ceases to navigate time and space. The disease is incurable, but if you provide proper care and treatment, the process proceeds smoothly, quietly, without complications or terrible consequences.
Based on certain symptoms, you can determine whether young people have memory problems. The doctor will tell you the reasons for what to do in this case. Parkinson's disease predominantly affects older people, but recently there have been cases of 40-year-old patients diagnosed with this pathology.
Memory development in adolescents 15-16 years old
At the age of 15-16, a child is especially prone to teenage rebellion; he becomes less and less interested in studying. This is due not only to the fact that he has a need to spend more time with friends and playing computer games. The fact is that the curriculum of modern schools is quite complex; it is difficult for children to maintain high performance in all subjects. Therefore, they try to realize themselves in those activities that are easier for them: communicating with peers, creativity, hobbies or sports.
To achieve high motivation to study, it is important to focus on memory development in adolescents. When a child just skims a paragraph in history or social studies to easily understand the topic, he will become more enthusiastic about doing homework. Also, formulas in algebra and geometry will be instantly stored in the treasury of knowledge if the teenager has a well-developed visual memory.
Even in elementary school, it is noticeable that some students complete tasks faster and learn the material more easily, while other kids have difficulty remembering a small quatrain. Even then it is possible to assess the degree of memory development.
When a child’s attention is scattered and the mind is so overloaded that it is sometimes unable to remember even a dozen words, it’s time to think about memory training.
Traumatic brain injuries
As the body ages, many disruptions occur, especially in the brain. Memory becomes worse, which is natural. Frequent forgetfulness and decreased concentration are the results of deteriorating brain function. However, this has virtually no effect on the quality of everyday life. With proper training in old age, you can learn to quickly recall the necessary information, but it will take time.
There are many pharmacological drugs that not only help maintain memory in good shape, but also improve a person’s mental abilities. These drugs include nootropics.
Drugs in this category are prescribed to older people who have memory problems due to age. The drugs normalize blood circulation in the brain if the memory problem is caused by pathology of the brain vessels. Nootropics are also successfully prescribed in pediatrics.
Do not forget that nootropics are symptomatic treatment; in order to get a complete treatment regimen, you need to consult a specialist.
Doctors say that traumatic brain injuries and memory problems in young people are very closely linked. The causes of the disease in such cases can be different. The more serious the injury, the more severe the consequences may be. Traumatic brain injuries often lead to retrograde or anterograde amnesia.
The victims do not even remember how they received the injury or what preceded it. It also happens that memories become false, that is, the brain draws imaginary pictures that did not actually exist. The patient can say that he was at the cinema, walking with friends, but at the same time he was in the hospital. Hallucinations reproduce non-existent images.
One of the main reasons for memory loss is poor blood circulation in the brain. Vascular atherosclerosis contributes to this. There is less blood flow to the parts of the brain, and therefore problems arise. Any stroke that greatly alters brain function has a negative impact on brain activity.
Memory impairment can also occur with diabetes. A complication of the disease is that the vessels are affected, hardened and closed. These lesions can lead not only to disruption of the brain, but also to other important organs.
Features of memory in adolescence
Adolescence is characterized by a desire for independence from adults and rebellion. At this time, changes occur in the child’s worldview: if previously parents were an unquestioned authority, objects to be followed, now an understanding comes that they are just people with their own strengths and weaknesses. For this reason, conflicts occur between adults and children; in disputes, teenagers try to prove their point of view by any means and win the right to make their own decisions. School teachers advise parents: “Train not to pay attention, this is the age children are now.”
At this time, friends, first love experiences, fashion and trends are much more important to them than studying. And this is quite natural, since in this way teenagers get to know themselves, learn to interact with the world around them, and prepare for adulthood. The social component of life during this period is very important for the child; he should not be deprived of communication with his peers, even as punishment or a desire to improve his performance at school. It is important to understand that in addition to lessons, homework, and tutoring, teenagers should have personal time, and they should not be overloaded under any circumstances.
Psychologists believe that at this age, namely from twelve to sixteen years, the main leap in the development of a child’s memory occurs. He better begins to analyze the information received and draws his own conclusions from it. But due to the fact that studying is often not in the first place for a teenager, it becomes difficult to force him to study more and develop his intellectual abilities.
Since at this age a child is interested in everything new and unusual, it is worth giving preference to those methods of developing memory in a teenager that can be called innovative. Nowadays, interactive courses that widely use technology in the learning process are gaining popularity. Monotonous, boring classes will not be able to interest the student, and without proper motivation, the result will be lower.
Prevention. Exercises
There are different reasons why young people have memory problems. Prevention will help counteract the problem. In order to overcome this syndrome, you need to train your own memory, focus on details, keep a diary, write down events, calculations. American professor Katz has developed a technique that activates all parts of the brain. At the same time, attention, memory, and creativity develop. Here are just a few exercises:
- Try to do all your usual things with your eyes closed, rather than open.
- Let right-handers try to do household chores with their left hand, and left-handers, on the contrary, with their right. You will immediately feel the result.
- Learn Braille, master sign language.
- On the keyboard, try to type with all your fingers.
- Master some handicraft - embroidery, knitting.
- Learn foreign languages.
- Learn to distinguish coins by touch and determine their value.
- Read books about things that have never interested you before.
- Communicate more, visit new places: theaters, parks, meet new people.
By adhering to the recommendations listed, you will notice how after some time your thinking and memory will begin to change for the better. Small details and ongoing events will fit more clearly into your brain, and your memory will become more voluminous.
- To train the memory of older people, members of the Skolkovo Open University have developed Vikium simulators. An individual program containing a large number of games and exercises is selected for each patient. The computer program records the learning process and provides statistics on learning progress.
- Vikium brain simulators help develop imagination, thinking, and memory. Allows elderly patients to preserve the functions of mental work.
- Vikium offers free brain simulators on the Internet. Some exercises help to recover from traumatic brain injuries and strokes.
- Each game and exercise is adapted to a specific set of functions and has a scientific explanation.
How to train the memory of older people with simple exercises:
- Mirror image of drawings - visually divide a sheet of paper into two parts. With our right hand we draw a figure in the right part of the sheet, with our left hand we repeat the drawing on the left side of the sheet.
- Visual restoration of the image - close your eyes and concentrate on the image of a person you know. Focus on each facial feature in turn. Imagine his voice, his usual movements, his clothing style.
- Turning words into sentences - name five objects around you. Combine them into sentences with meaning. There should be a consistent story.
- Changing habits - try spending the day with a new daily routine, in which everything is the opposite. Cook a new dish, become left-handed, do exercises with your eyes closed, explore new city streets.
- Color brain training - use colored pens to write the names of colors without matching the color to the name. For example, write blue with a yellow pen, etc. At a fast pace, voice the real color of each word, ignoring the meaning of what is written.
Color practice
- Rearrange and change the position of things more often - a kind of exercise for the brain. In the process of getting used to the new environment, you will have to remember where and what is.
- Consistent chain - write several dozen words, read them several times. Reproduce the sequence of memorized words in accordance with the order of writing.
- Learning a foreign language – start learning words in any foreign language. Get a dictionary to review what you have learned.
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Memory disorders (amnesia, paramnesia, memory disorder)
Memory lapses
Everyone forgets something, especially as they get older. Many people over 65 have difficulty remembering names and learning new information. But sometimes memory lapses are not related to age. Even children have them.
Organic or true amnesia
This form of memory loss is caused by impaired brain function. Usually a person retains remnants of memories. The causes of organic amnesia are:
- head injuries; - convulsions; - Alzheimer's disease; - herpes encephalitis; - Wernicke-Kazakoff syndrome - a disorder associated with thiamine deficiency, typical of alcoholics; - lack of oxygen in the brain; - disturbances in the arteries of the neck and base of the skull.
Hysterical amnesia.
This form of memory loss has no physical cause. It starts suddenly and ends just as suddenly. Usually memory is lost completely.
Amnesia as a consequence of treatment.
Old people who take many medications are at particular risk of memory loss. It can occur due to drug interactions or overdose (people become more sensitive to medications as they age). Sometimes a person mistakenly believes that memory loss is due to age and may not realize that medications are to blame.
This form of memory loss can occur due to:
1) taking medications, such as general anesthesia (used during operations), barbiturates, some sedative-hypnotics;
2) surgery on the temporal lobe of the brain, which usually causes short-term memory loss.
Symptoms.
Depending on the cause, memory loss occurs suddenly or develops gradually; may be partial or complete, temporary or permanent.
Some people suffer from anterograde amnesia, meaning they are unable to remember new things or remember events that have happened since their memory loss began. Others have retrograde amnesia, where they lose memory of the past and have difficulty remembering events that happened before the memory loss began.
Depending on the cause, other symptoms are possible:
- excitement; - clouding of consciousness; - inability to concentrate; - loss of orientation; - headache; - visual impairment; - ringing in the ears.
What to do about memory loss and seizures in children.
A child who has seizures may suffer from memory loss. This sometimes results in him being mislabeled as “learning disabled.” If this happens to your child, talk to your doctor about how you and your teachers can deal with the problem.
Follow your anticonvulsant medication schedule. Constantly remind your child of events that he forgets. Explain to your child that it is not his fault that he has seizures or memory lapses.
What should be done in case of memory loss in adults and children.
If memory loss is sudden and occurs after an injury, seek immediate medical attention. If memory loss is gradual, consult a doctor, describe the symptoms and get tested. Depending on the results of the examination, the doctor may prescribe diagnostic procedures to determine the cause of the memory loss. It can be:
- CT scan;
— electroencephalography;
- X-ray examination of cerebral vessels (angiography).
If memory loss is caused by injury, your doctor may prescribe steroids or a diuretic to reduce brain swelling.
How to help a patient.
A person who cannot remember events that happened before the onset of amnesia can be helped by frequent reference to the real world - for example, family members and friends can show him family photographs and heirlooms.
If a person is unable to remember new information, he can make life easier by writing down important things, such as the dosage of medications, the location of important papers, so that he does not have to rely on his memory.
Tips for improving memory.
1. Watch your weight. Obesity negatively affects memory, and dieting and other types of weight loss can help cope with memory problems.
2. If you can't remember something important right now, take as many deep breaths as possible. This will relax the body, calm the thoughts, and the necessary information will appear by itself.
3. Plan your day in writing, then you won’t forget what time and where you have a meeting, when to pay utilities, when to see the doctor, etc. These same records will help you remember some events from the recent past. For example, you met your friend that day when you went to the store to buy shoes. When you open your diary, you will always find this number.
4. If you need to remember the contents of your notes while preparing for an exam, then very calmly close your eyes for a few seconds and try to imagine the notebook where you wrote it. First, remember how you wrote down the title of the lecture - whether you underlined it or drew something in the margin at that time. And then imagine the whole lecture.
5. Solve crosswords, puzzles, rebuses, sudoku and so on.
6. Reading helps restore brain function even after injuries and strokes.
7. Memorizing poems or foreign words perfectly tones the memory.
8. Any activities on fine motor skills cause the growth of brain cells, for example: embroidery, modeling, beading, hand massage.
9. Adequate sleep and a healthy diet, including vegetables, fruits, seafood, tea or coffee, reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
10. Get out of your comfort zone - write with your left hand, walk along unfamiliar streets, try unfamiliar recipes, and so on.
11. Engage in physical activity. Exercise increases the amount of blood delivered to neurons in the brain, stimulating the supply of oxygen and glucose to nerve cells.
12. If a child’s memory is impaired, try to develop it in a playful way.
Exercises to develop attention and memory in children
1) Collecting puzzles . Start with simple ones, gradually increasing the number of puzzles. If even simple puzzles seem like a difficult task to your child, put 2 sets of scattered puzzles and their original pictures on the table and ask them to determine which set each puzzle is from.
2) Erudite . Make cards with different letters of the alphabet (a, o, i, e, k, s, t, r, n - 3 pieces each, p, y, h, x, d, b, c, d, j, l, m , p, i, yu, b, w - 2 pieces each, and the rest 1 piece each). You can buy 3 posters with letters and cut them up. Then divide into teams (you can have 1 person per team) and draw out 10 letters for each team in closed form. The winner is the one who makes up the most words from the given letters. If a child plays with an adult, then you can not divide into teams, but compare your achievements with the achievements of previous times.
3) Cards on the table . Take any cards (cards of different colors, cards with letters, cards with various pictures, cards with words in a foreign language are suitable) or in camp conditions these can be items from your cosmetic bag or handbag - focus on the age and abilities of your child. Ask your child to try to remember the cards. Remove one and ask him to name the card that you removed, have him also show the empty space on the table where the card was. Don't forget to praise your child. Then remove the second one and ask them to name both cards, showing two empty spaces on the table. And so on, until there is an empty table in front of you, and the child shows you all the empty places where the cards used to be.
4) Finds . This exercise requires preparation if you are going to do it at home. To begin, collect objects that are familiar to the child (his toys, cards, etc.) and place them in visible places in the room if your child is small, or hide them nearby if he is already older. If you are on a walk, in a clinic, or in some other place that is not very familiar to the child, you can play without preparation. Ask your child to find an object and ask him to count out loud. Compare the results of your finds (this time I found it at the count of 15, and this time I found it at the count of 12, etc.). Ideally, he should find each new object faster, because before he had already looked there in search of another object. Be sure to praise your child, and even if he falls short of the ideal, praise him for trying.
5) Photo identikit . Imagine that you are playing police. Together with your child, choose a toy or picture that will run away for a short time, and the police will look for it. First appoint the child as a policeman, and next time you be the policeman. If several children are playing, then let them change among themselves. Look at the picture or toy closely, and then pretend as if it ran and hid. Contact the “policeman” and describe the loss in as much detail as possible - colors, clothes, characteristic features (for example, a stuffed elephant, gray in color, a long trunk, a checkered cap on his head, etc.). If you describe the loss well, the “policeman” begins to look for it and returns it to you. Then switch and have your child describe the other toy so that you can start looking for it.
6) Baker Street . Try to develop in your child the ability to notice more different little things. Play Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson with him. Remember how Holmes amazed Watson’s imagination by knowing exactly how many steps there were, what the number of the speeding cab was, etc. Play detective with your child, and to be fair, change things up periodically. Let your child first ask you what color the car was that just passed by, or what blouse the aunt you stood in line behind was wearing. If you don’t remember, then it’s okay, train your attention with your child. But one condition is that the one who asks must know the answer to his question himself. Then switch roles.
7) Rainbow-arc . This exercise can be done with children who already read well. Write the names of the colors in different colors, but so that they do not coincide: write “blue” in red, “yellow” in green, etc., and then ask the child to name first what colors are written, then what colors are the words written in.
The numbers are mixed up . Write the numbers from 1 to 30 on a piece of paper in random order and use all your imagination so that they are of different sizes, with different slopes, different fonts and preferably different colors (at least 2-3). Ask your child to show all the numbers in order and time the completion time. After 2-3 days, repeat the exercise, then again after 10 days, and observe the results. If each time the child names numbers better and faster, then complicate the task by writing numbers from 1 to 100, change the size, etc. When he starts to do well, buy him a book of puzzles where you have to find words or groups of numbers in different directions, when this exercise starts to work out, start buying him various children's crosswords, scanword puzzles, puzzles and other logic games.
9) Dictation . Name simple, not long words of one logical group, for example, only animals (elephant, wolf, cat, dog, etc.) or only food (porridge, soup, apples, juice, etc.) and ask the child to “write” them in the air, that is, move the pen, but not along the notebook, but through the air in front of you. Ask your child to name all the “written” words. First, name 4-5 words and see how he copes. If he does well, make the task more difficult by adding more words. If he can easily cope with groups of 10 words, start mixing logical groups (hare, book, head, ball, etc.).
10) Cities . To develop attention, it is very useful to play cities, but if your child is still small, then you can simply play words. The rules are simple - you need to name the word starting with the letter with which the previous word ended. The one who says the word again loses. But, of course, try to be kinder to your child, and if he makes a mistake and says a word again, ask if by chance this word has already been named. If the child denies, try to remind him of a game situation in which this word has already been named.
11) Rhymes . You can only guess those words that you yourself could easily rhyme, otherwise the game will not be fun: well done cucumber, wolf - click, duck - joke, etc. Change with your child, when he has chosen a rhyme for your word, then let him think of the next word.
12) Associations . The game is suitable for older children. Think of a word and say its association. For example, you came up with the word “doctor”. Say "clinic." The child should give you a set of words with which he associates the word clinic, for example: illness, office, locker room, medicines, etc. If he said the word doctor (or doctor, or medic), then he won. If he didn’t think of the words in the first “wave”, then he has the right to the next hint. Say, for example, “profession.” Explain to your child that this is not a new word, but is connected with the previous word clinic. And so continue until he guesses the meaning of the word. When he understands this game well, complicate the hidden words. For example, the word “postcard”, and the first association is “birthday”, the second is “congratulations”, the third is “mail”, etc. When he gets the hang of it, think of “difficult” words and choose slightly more distant associations, for example, for the word “transport” the first association may be “wheel”, then “driver”, etc.
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Workout
Memory improvement can also be achieved with the help of special corrective training. They include various exercises and interesting games. Most of them can be used not only for teenage children, but also for adults. However, the efficiency in the second case will be slightly lower.
The set of the most effective games and exercises for developing memory in teenagers includes the following options:
- Missing item. The child looks at the room for 30 seconds and then turns away. During this time, the adult hides one of the objects and asks the teenager to turn around. The task will be to identify the missing item. This method is good for developing visual memory.
- Memorizing words or pictures. The parent shows the child pictures of animals or simply names ordinary words. You will need 10 of them in total. The teenager must watch or listen carefully. After that, he needs to name everything that he managed to remember.
- Finding differences. A classic method for training memory and attentiveness. Parents need to select 2 almost identical pictures, in which there are 5-15 differences, which is what the child will have to find.
- Cities. A simple, popular game will make the learning process even more attractive. The adult names the city, and the child answers with another name of the city, which begins with the last letter of the first. The game continues with alternating answers until someone can name the previously unmentioned answer option.
- Composition. This method can be used independently without the help of adults. You just need to ask yourself a topic, connecting it with any subjects, and write a short story or essay on it. If you wish, you can even start creating a full-fledged novel, but it’s best to start with something smaller.
- Small parts. Parents give the child one picture that shows 4 people, but they are all dressed differently and differ in appearance. After 30 seconds of viewing the image, the child must answer the adults' questions. They may concern the features of clothing (“Who had a polka dot shirt?”), people’s appearance (“Did anyone have freckles? Who?”) and other small details.
- Save important data. Adults write several similar sentences, which necessarily contain names, actions and dates. For example, “Nastya read Shakespeare’s book from August 27 to September 13.” The child must look at the sentences and remember them. After 30 seconds, the text must be reproduced on a blank sheet of paper.
- Cipher. Training with this method may seem quite difficult even for developed teenagers, so it should not be used for everyone. Parents make up a code where certain symbols represent one or another letter. The child gets acquainted with the finished memo within 2 minutes, after which, without prompting, he deciphers a simple phrase or sentence from symbols presented by the parents.
Such exercises for memory development in adolescents show the highest effectiveness. They can be used daily, but you should correctly calculate the child’s capabilities, because... Overwork, even from playful activities, can be extremely unpleasant and harmful to training.
On difficult school days, when the child is tired in class, you can do without home training. It would be much better to give the teenager a rest.
